{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T04:32:18Z","timestamp":1792989138172,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A standardized pretreatment protocol was established for simultaneous determination of diazepam and its metabolites\u2014nordazepam, oxazepam, and temazepam\u2014in aquatic products using liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry. Samples were extracted with 0.2% formic acid in acetonitrile (solid\u2013liquid ratio 1:5, m\/v), purified via MCX solid-phase extraction, eluted with 5% ammoniated methanol, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was reconstituted in 0.2% formic acid\u201350% acetonitrile aqueous solution. Chromatographic and mass spectrometric conditions were optimized on two platforms: UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS and UPLC-MS\/MS, with quantification based on internal standards. Both platforms showed excellent linearity across 0.2\u2013200 ng\/mL (R2 &gt; 0.997), with detection and quantification limits as low as 0.1 \u03bcg\/kg and 0.2 \u03bcg\/kg, respectively. Following Codex Alimentarius guidelines (CAC\/GL-71), 330 matrix samples (intra-batch n = 6, inter-batch n = 5) were validated, showing strong inter-platform agreement (Pearson r &gt; 0.990, p &lt; 0.001). Intra-batch RSDs ranged from 1.86% to 14.64%, and inter-batch RSDs from 1.10% to 11.41%. Recoveries ranged from 73.8% to 117.9% (p &gt; 0.05). The dual-platform detection system developed herein demonstrates high sensitivity, strong matrix interference resistance, and excellent reproducibility, enabling accurate trace quantification of diazepam and its metabolites in heterogeneous aquatic samples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14193296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T10:27:53Z","timestamp":1758623273000},"page":"3296","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Construction and Comparison of UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS and UPLC-MS\/MS Methods for the Detection of Diazepam Residues in Complex Aquatic Matrices"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yuanhao","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710069, China"},{"name":"Fisheries Research and Technology Extension Center of Shaanxi, Xi\u2019an 710086, China"},{"name":"Fishery Environment and Aquatic Products Quality Inspection-Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Xi\u2019an, Xi\u2019an 710086, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fisheries Research and Technology Extension Center of Shaanxi, Xi\u2019an 710086, China"},{"name":"Fishery Environment and Aquatic Products Quality Inspection-Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Xi\u2019an, Xi\u2019an 710086, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiangbing","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fisheries Research and Technology Extension Center of Shaanxi, Xi\u2019an 710086, China"},{"name":"Fishery Environment and Aquatic Products Quality Inspection-Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Xi\u2019an, Xi\u2019an 710086, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juanning","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fisheries Research and Technology Extension Center of Shaanxi, Xi\u2019an 710086, China"},{"name":"Fishery Environment and Aquatic Products Quality Inspection-Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Xi\u2019an, Xi\u2019an 710086, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiming","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fisheries Research and Technology Extension Center of Shaanxi, Xi\u2019an 710086, China"},{"name":"Fishery Environment and Aquatic Products Quality Inspection-Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Xi\u2019an, Xi\u2019an 710086, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Bioscience and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fisheries Research and Technology Extension Center of Shaanxi, Xi\u2019an 710086, China"},{"name":"Fishery Environment and Aquatic Products Quality Inspection-Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Xi\u2019an, Xi\u2019an 710086, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyao","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fisheries Research and Technology Extension Center of Shaanxi, Xi\u2019an 710086, China"},{"name":"Fishery Environment and Aquatic Products Quality Inspection-Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Xi\u2019an, Xi\u2019an 710086, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sien","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fisheries Research and Technology Extension Center of Shaanxi, Xi\u2019an 710086, China"},{"name":"Fishery Environment and Aquatic Products Quality Inspection-Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Xi\u2019an, Xi\u2019an 710086, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Du, P., Liu, X., Zhong, G., Zhou, Z., Thomes, M.W., Lee, C.W., Bong, C.W., Zhang, X., Hao, F., and Li, X. 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