{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T01:06:08Z","timestamp":1793754368641,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Youth Innovation Fund Project of the Sericulture and Apiculture Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences","award":["QC2024005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QC2024005"]}]},{"name":"Youth Innovation Fund Project of the Sericulture and Apiculture Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences","award":["202305AF150166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202305AF150166"]}]},{"name":"Youth Innovation Fund Project of the Sericulture and Apiculture Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences","award":["202205AD160017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202205AD160017"]}]},{"name":"Youth Innovation Fund Project of the Sericulture and Apiculture Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences","award":["202501AT070127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202501AT070127"]}]},{"name":"Youth Innovation Fund Project of the Sericulture and Apiculture Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences","award":["202401BD070001-081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202401BD070001-081"]}]},{"name":"Xiang Zhonghuai Academician Workstation Project","award":["QC2024005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QC2024005"]}]},{"name":"Xiang Zhonghuai Academician Workstation Project","award":["202305AF150166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202305AF150166"]}]},{"name":"Xiang Zhonghuai Academician Workstation Project","award":["202205AD160017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202205AD160017"]}]},{"name":"Xiang Zhonghuai Academician Workstation Project","award":["202501AT070127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202501AT070127"]}]},{"name":"Xiang Zhonghuai Academician Workstation Project","award":["202401BD070001-081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202401BD070001-081"]}]},{"name":"High-Level Scientific and Technological Talents and Innovation Team Program in Yunnan Province","award":["QC2024005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QC2024005"]}]},{"name":"High-Level Scientific and Technological Talents and Innovation Team Program in Yunnan Province","award":["202305AF150166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202305AF150166"]}]},{"name":"High-Level Scientific and Technological Talents and Innovation Team Program in Yunnan Province","award":["202205AD160017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202205AD160017"]}]},{"name":"High-Level Scientific and Technological Talents and Innovation Team Program in Yunnan Province","award":["202501AT070127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202501AT070127"]}]},{"name":"High-Level Scientific and Technological Talents and Innovation Team Program in Yunnan Province","award":["202401BD070001-081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202401BD070001-081"]}]},{"name":"Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System (CARS-18), the Basic Research Program in Yunnan Province","award":["QC2024005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QC2024005"]}]},{"name":"Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System (CARS-18), the Basic Research Program in Yunnan Province","award":["202305AF150166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202305AF150166"]}]},{"name":"Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System (CARS-18), the Basic Research Program in Yunnan Province","award":["202205AD160017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202205AD160017"]}]},{"name":"Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System (CARS-18), the Basic Research Program in Yunnan Province","award":["202501AT070127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202501AT070127"]}]},{"name":"Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System (CARS-18), the Basic Research Program in Yunnan Province","award":["202401BD070001-081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202401BD070001-081"]}]},{"name":"Joint Special Fund for Agriculture in Yunnan Province","award":["QC2024005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QC2024005"]}]},{"name":"Joint Special Fund for Agriculture in Yunnan Province","award":["202305AF150166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202305AF150166"]}]},{"name":"Joint Special Fund for Agriculture in Yunnan Province","award":["202205AD160017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202205AD160017"]}]},{"name":"Joint Special Fund for Agriculture in Yunnan Province","award":["202501AT070127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202501AT070127"]}]},{"name":"Joint Special Fund for Agriculture in Yunnan Province","award":["202401BD070001-081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202401BD070001-081"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the increasing consumption of mulberry fruits in commercial markets, flavor profiles have emerged as critical determinants of consumer preference and market acceptance. This investigation utilized four Morus laevigata (Morus L.) accessions exhibiting pronounced variations in fruit pigmentation and flavor characteristics as experimental materials. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC \u00d7 GC-TOF MS) was employed to identify key volatile aromatic compounds, while integrated untargeted metabolomics and transcriptomics approaches were applied to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of flavor biosynthesis. Analysis revealed that aldehydes, ketones, lactones, and heterocyclic compounds constitute the primary volatile organic compounds responsible for M. laevigata flavor complexity. The biosynthesis of these volatile aromatic compounds exhibits a direct correlation with lipid metabolite oxidation pathways. Concurrently, oxidative processes are modulated by M. laevigata flavonoid metabolites with antioxidant properties, which subsequently regulate both the compositional profile and quantitative distribution of volatile aromatic compounds. These findings offer novel insights into the metabolite\u2013volatile compound interactions within mulberry systems, establishing a foundational framework for advancing fruit flavor research and cultivar development programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14193309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T10:39:42Z","timestamp":1758710382000},"page":"3309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Integrated Multi-Omics Approaches Provide Novel Insights into the Mechanisms Underlying Signature Flavor Development in Mulberry Fruits"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jiamei","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sericulture and Apiculture Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mengzi 661101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sericulture and Apiculture Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mengzi 661101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sericulture and Apiculture Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mengzi 661101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sericulture and Apiculture Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mengzi 661101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tfp.2020.100011","article-title":"Mulberry (Morus spp.): An ideal plant for sustainable development","volume":"2","author":"Rohela","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trees For. People"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"233","article-title":"Emergy analysis of mulberry-silkworm ecosystem in China","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.18811\/ijpen.v3i02.10437","article-title":"Economical and environmental importance of mulberry: A review","volume":"3","author":"Ghosh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Plant Environ."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1080\/15226514.2021.1957768","article-title":"Phytoremediation potential of forage mulberry (Morus atropurpurea Roxb.) for cadmium contaminated paddy soils","volume":"24","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Phytoremed."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bian, L., Chen, H.-G., Gong, X.-J., Zhao, C., and Zhou, X. (2021). Mori Fructus Polysaccharides Attenuate Alcohol-Induced Liver Damage by Regulating Fatty Acid Synthesis, Degradation and Glycerophospholipid Metabolism in Mice. Front. Pharmacol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.766737"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, R.V., Srivastava, D., Singh, V., Kumar, U., Vishvakarma, V.K., Singh, P., Kumar, D., and Kumar, R. (2020). Characterization, biological evaluation and molecular docking of mulberry fruit pectin. Sci. Rep., 10.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-78086-8"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10383","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.7b03614","article-title":"The Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Fruit\u2014A Review of Characteristic Components and Health Benefits","volume":"65","author":"Yuan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, X., Hou, Q., and Ma, Z. (2020). Differences of sugar components in different mulberry cultivars during its ripening. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, IOP Publishing.","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/446\/3\/032058"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1112614","article-title":"Plant volatile compounds: Sensory cues for health and nutritional value?","volume":"311","author":"Goff","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2011.05.003","article-title":"Analysis of roasted and unroasted Pistacia terebinthus volatiles using direct thermal desorption-GCxGC-TOF\/MS","volume":"129","author":"Gogus","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2016.10.053","article-title":"Immature mulberry fruits richness of promising constituents in contrast with mature ones: A comparative study among three Tunisian species","volume":"95","author":"Jelled","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2010.03281.x","article-title":"Improving the flavor of fresh fruits: Genomics, biochemistry, and biotechnology","volume":"187","author":"Klee","year":"2010","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2017.11.112","article-title":"Characterization of the key aroma compounds in mulberry fruits by application of gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O), odor activity value (OAV), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and flame photometric detection (FPD)","volume":"245","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11859","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2022.2097195","article-title":"Main flavor compounds and molecular regulation mechanisms in fruits and vegetables","volume":"63","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maoz, I., Lewinsohn, E., and Gonda, I. (2022). Amino acids metabolism as a source for aroma volatiles biosynthesis. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 67.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbi.2022.102221"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3320","DOI":"10.1007\/s00344-024-11347-2","article-title":"Deciphering the Complexity of Terpenoid Biosynthesis and Its Multi-level Regulatory Mechanism in Plants","volume":"43","author":"Singh","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Plant Growth Regul."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.15200","article-title":"Transcriptional and epigenetic analysis reveals that NAC transcription factors regulate fruit flavor ester biosynthesis","volume":"106","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4529","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erx257","article-title":"The fruit-specific transcription factor FaDOF2 regulates the production of eugenol in ripe fruit receptacles","volume":"68","author":"Solano","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2022.04.030","article-title":"Integrated metabolome and transcriptome analysis of the regulatory network of volatile ester formation during fruit ripening in pear","volume":"185","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2025.142772","article-title":"Multidimensional analysis of the flavor characteristics of yellow peach at different ripening stages: Chemical composition profiling and sensory evaluation","volume":"471","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e10658","article-title":"Analysis and application evaluation of the flavour-precursor and volatile-aroma-component differences between waste tobacco stems","volume":"8","author":"Fan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2018.1493588","article-title":"Flavonoids: Biological activities and therapeutic potential","volume":"34","author":"Filho","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1039\/C8FO01997E","article-title":"The effects of polyphenols and other bioactives on human health","volume":"10","author":"Fraga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xin, R., Liu, X., Wei, C., Yang, C., Liu, H., Cao, X., Wu, D., Zhang, B., and Chen, K. (2018). E-Nose and GC-MS Reveal a Difference in the Volatile Profiles of White- and Red-Fleshed Peach Fruit. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18030765"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2739","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-021-03826-7","article-title":"Volatile profiles of 47 monovarietal cloudy apple juices from commercial, old, red-fleshed and scab-resistant apple cultivars","volume":"247","author":"Chitarrini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Food Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4238","DOI":"10.1093\/plcell\/koad228","article-title":"MYB24 orchestrates terpene and flavonol metabolism as light responses to anthocyanin depletion in variegated grape berries","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanches, P.H.G., de Melo, N.C., Porcari, A.M., and de Carvalho, L.M. (2024). Integrating Molecular Perspectives: Strategies for Comprehensive Multi-Omics Integrative Data Analysis and Machine Learning Applications in Transcriptomics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics. Biology, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology13110848"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2024.115542","article-title":"Integrated metabolome and transcriptome analysis provides insights into the mechanisms of terpenoid biosynthesis in tea plants (Camellia sinensis)","volume":"201","author":"Wei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, S., Tao, Y., Gao, L., Liang, H., Tang, D., Lin, J., Wang, Y., Gmitter, F.G., and Li, C. (2022). An Integrated Metabolome and Transcriptome Analysis Reveal the Regulation Mechanisms of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in a Purple Tea Plant Cultivar. Front. Plant Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.880227"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-021-03680-7","article-title":"An integrated transcriptome and metabolome approach reveals the accumulation of taste-related metabolites and gene regulatory networks during watermelon fruit development","volume":"254","author":"Gong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, Y., Liu, J., Zou, J., Zhang, M., Hu, Z., Zeng, Y., Dai, J., Wei, L., Liu, S., and Liu, G. (2025). Time-series analysis reveals metabolic and transcriptional dynamics during mulberry fruit development and ripening. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 301.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.140288"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113814","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2024.113814","article-title":"Unveiling the unique aroma of Morus macroura through integrated volatile metabolome and transcriptome analysis","volume":"339","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.132502","article-title":"Optimization of an intra-oral solid-phase microextraction (SPME) combined with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC \u00d7 GC-TOFMS) method for oral aroma compounds monitoring of Baijiu","volume":"385","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2025.144079","article-title":"Characterization and discrimination of volatile compounds in roasted Arabica coffee beans from different origins by combining GC-TOFMS, GC-IMS, and GC-E-Nose","volume":"481","author":"Shi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, X., Li, D., Ding, Y., Zhang, Y., and Ren, C. (2025). Characteristic of volatile flavor compounds in \u2018Fengtangli\u2019 plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) were explored based on GC\u00d7GC-TOF MS. Front. Nutr., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1536954"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbl016","article-title":"Partial least squares: A versatile tool for the analysis of high-dimensional genomic data","volume":"8","author":"Boulesteix","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brief. Bioinform."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feng, T., Shui, M., Song, S., Zhuang, H., Sun, M., and Yao, L. (2019). Characterization of the Key Aroma Compounds in Three Truffle Varieties from China by Flavoromics Approach. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24183305"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2021.112870","article-title":"Effect of ageing time on the flavour compounds in Nanjing water-boiled salted duck detected by HS-GC-IMS","volume":"155","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1021\/ac8019366","article-title":"Development of a robust and repeatable UPLC-MS method for the long-term metabolomic study of human serum","volume":"81","author":"Zelena","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1002\/jms.1777","article-title":"MassBank: A public repository for sharing mass spectral data for life sciences","volume":"45","author":"Horai","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Mass. Spectrom."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D527","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkl838","article-title":"LMSD: LIPID MAPS structure database","volume":"35","author":"Sud","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32548","DOI":"10.1039\/D0RA05326K","article-title":"Metabolic characterisation of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1 using LC-MS-based metabolite profiling","volume":"10","author":"Abdelrazig","year":"2020","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2016.12.029","article-title":"Metabolomic analysis of urine samples by UHPLC-QTOF-MS: Impact of normalization strategies","volume":"955","author":"Gagnebin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3322","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.5b00354","article-title":"Analysis of the Human Adult Urinary Metabolome Variations with Age, Body Mass Index, and Gender by Implementing a Comprehensive Workflow for Univariate and OPLS Statistical Analyses","volume":"14","author":"Roux","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2011.319","article-title":"Web-based inference of biological patterns, functions and pathways from metabolomic data using MetaboAnalyst","volume":"6","author":"Xia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2011.335","article-title":"Procedures for large-scale metabolic profiling of serum and plasma using gas chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry","volume":"6","author":"Dunn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1002\/cem.695","article-title":"Orthogonal projections to latent structures (O-PLS)","volume":"16","author":"Trygg","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Chemom."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molp.2023.09.010","article-title":"TBtools-II: A \u201cone for all, all for one\u201d bioinformatics platform for biological big-data mining","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Plant"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1621","article-title":"Transcript assembly and quantification by RNA-Seq reveals unannotated transcripts and isoform switching during cell differentiation","volume":"28","author":"Trapnell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp612","article-title":"DEGseq: An R package for identifying differentially expressed genes from RNA-seq data","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.73","article-title":"Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative CT method","volume":"3","author":"Schmittgen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2023.105665","article-title":"Recent advances on mulberry volatile flavor: A review","volume":"124","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Food Compos. Anal."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03319-14","article-title":"Microbial engineering for aldehyde synthesis","volume":"81","author":"Kunjapur","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Engelberth, J., and Engelberth, M. (2020). Variability in the Capacity to Produce Damage-Induced Aldehyde Green Leaf Volatiles among Different Plant Species Provides Novel Insights into Biosynthetic Diversity. Plants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants9020213"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"kiaf285","DOI":"10.1093\/plphys\/kiaf285","article-title":"The aldehyde (ALD) locus controls C6-aldehyde production in kiwifruit and affects consumer perception of fruit aroma","volume":"198","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Physiol"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4965","DOI":"10.1111\/ijfs.16621","article-title":"Aroma of peach fruit: A review on aroma volatile compounds and underlying regulatory mechanisms","volume":"58","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1021\/jf970665t","article-title":"Characterization of Volatiles in Rambutan Fruit (Nephelium lappaceum L.)","volume":"46","author":"Ong","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2023.136451","article-title":"Suitable crop loading: An effective method to improve \u201cShine Muscat\u201d grape quality","volume":"424","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1002\/ffj.1947","article-title":"Analysis of honeydew melon (Cucumis melo var. inodorus) flavour and GC\u2013MS\/MS identification of (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienyl acetate","volume":"24","author":"Perry","year":"2009","journal-title":"Flavour. Fragr. J."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2021.105807","article-title":"Study on the influences of ultrasound on the flavor profile of unsmoked bacon and its underlying metabolic mechanism by using HS-GC-IMS","volume":"80","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ultrason. Sonochem"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C975","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.12840","article-title":"Free and bound volatile chemicals in mulberry (Morus atropurpurea Roxb.)","volume":"80","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guan, S., Liu, C., Ruan, M., Wang, R., Ye, Q., Wan, H., Zhou, G., Guo, S., Cheng, Y., and Yao, Z. (2025). Detection and comparative analysis of VOCs between tomato and pepper based on GC\u00d7GC-TOFMS. Sci. Rep., 15.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-90796-5"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farag, M.A., Khattab, A.R., Shamma, S., and Afifi, S.M. (2021). Profiling of Primary Metabolites and Volatile Determinants in Mahlab Cherry (Prunus mahaleb L.) Seeds in the Context of Its Different Varieties and Roasting as Analyzed Using Chemometric Tools. Foods, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10040728"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, W., Feng, T., Song, S., Wang, H., Sun, M., Yao, L., Lu, H., Wang, R., and Shang, X. (2024). Characterization of aroma dynamic changes during six developing stages of yellow cultivar Flammulina filiformis based on E-Nose, GC\u00d7GC-TOF MS, GC-IMS, and GC-O-MS. Food Biosci., 61.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2024.104716"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2065","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.19.00964","article-title":"Differences in PpAAT1 Activity in High- and Low-Aroma Peach Varieties Affect \u03b3-Decalactone Production","volume":"182","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.201300113","article-title":"Metabolic engineering of aroma components in fruits","volume":"8","author":"Valpuesta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molp.2014.11.007","article-title":"Divergence in the enzymatic activities of a tomato and Solanum pennellii alcohol acyltransferase impacts fruit volatile ester composition","volume":"8","author":"Goulet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Plant"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwieterman, M.L., Colquhoun, T.A., Jaworski, E.A., Bartoshuk, L.M., Gilbert, J.L., Tieman, D.M., Odabasi, A.Z., Moskowitz, H.R., Folta, K.M., and Klee, H.J. (2014). Strawberry flavor: Diverse chemical compositions, a seasonal influence, and effects on sensory perception. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088446"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2008.03446.x","article-title":"Biosynthesis of plant-derived flavor compounds","volume":"54","author":"Schwab","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, H., Zhao, H., Zhong, T., Chen, D., Wu, Y., and Xie, Z. (2024). Molecular Regulatory Mechanisms Affecting Fruit Aroma. Foods, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13121870"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(03)00026-8","article-title":"Hydroperoxy-arachidonic acid mediated n-hexanal and (Z)-3- and (E)-2-nonenal formation in Laminaria angustata","volume":"63","author":"Boonprab","year":"2003","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1007\/s11295-013-0653-5","article-title":"Identification of lipoxygenase (LOX) genes putatively involved in fruit flavour formation in apple (Malus \u00d7 domestica)","volume":"9","author":"Vogt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tree Genet. Genomes"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6157","DOI":"10.1021\/jf100172e","article-title":"Expression of genes associated with aroma formation derived from the fatty acid pathway during peach fruit ripening","volume":"58","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, H., Luo, Z., Li, D., Jiang, Y., and Li, L. (2021). FaMYB11 promotes the accumulation of volatile esters by regulating FaLOX5 during strawberry (Fragaria \u00d7 ananassa) ripening. Postharvest Biol. Technol., 178.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2021.111560"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2015.01.047","article-title":"Measurement of antioxidant activity","volume":"18","author":"Shahidi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shahidi, F. (2000). Lipids in Flavor Formation. Flavor Chemistry, American Chemical Society.","DOI":"10.1021\/bk-2000-0756.ch003"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.31665\/JFB.2020.10224","article-title":"Lipid-derived flavor and off-flavor of traditional and functional foods: An overview","volume":"10","author":"Shahidi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Food Bioact."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dom\u00ednguez, R., Pateiro, M., Gagaoua, M., Barba, F.J., Zhang, W., and Lorenzo, J.M. (2019). A Comprehensive Review on Lipid Oxidation in Meat and Meat Products. Antioxidants, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8100429"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiao, L., Zheng, S., Lin, Z., Zhang, C., Zhang, H., Chen, J., and Wang, L. (2025). Singlet Oxygen in Food: A Review on Its Formation, Oxidative Damages, Quenchers, and Applications in Preservation. Antioxidants, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14070865"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-8146(03)00162-6","article-title":"Anthocyanin antioxidants from edible fruits","volume":"84","author":"Einbond","year":"2004","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5594386","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/5594386","article-title":"A Comprehensive Review of Free Radicals, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Overview, Clinical Applications, Global Perspectives, Future Directions, and Mechanisms of Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoid Compounds","volume":"2024","author":"Tumilaar","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Chem."}],"container-title":["Foods"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/14\/19\/3309\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:48:49Z","timestamp":1760035729000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/14\/19\/3309"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["foods14193309"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods14193309","relation":{},"ISSN":["2304-8158"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2304-8158","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]}}}