{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T00:27:42Z","timestamp":1759364862727,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012352","name":"University of Milan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Piano di Sostegno alla Ricerca: Linea 2 \u2013 Azione A (2021)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Piano di Sostegno alla Ricerca: Linea 2 \u2013 Azione A (2021)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012352","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study evaluated the diffusion of Listeria monocytogenes (LM) in a beef steak tartare production chain, aiming to (1) evaluate Listeria spp. diffusion in finishing farms supplying beef cattle, (2) evaluate LM prevalence in carcasses, and (3) map LM diffusion in the production plant. A detection rate of 6\/76 was observed in the farm, while carcasses after skinning and before refrigeration tested positive in 19\/30 and 11\/30, respectively. During tartare production, 57\/154 meat and 35\/191 environmental samples tested positive. A total of 114 LM isolates were characterized via a whole-genome sequencing approach. Five clonal complexes (CCs) and seven sequence types (STs) were identified, with CC9-ST580 being the most prevalent. Four clusters were identified from both the slaughtering and production phases. Genes related to resistance to fosfomycin, quinolones, sulfonamides, lincosamide, and tetracycline were detected. Two hypervirulent strains (CC6-ST6 and CC2-ST145), harboring a full-length inlA, several virulence genes, and stress islands, were detected. Stress Survival Islet 1 was found in almost all the isolates. The wide diffusion of LM in steak tartare requires the management of some critical phases of the production chain (mainly slaughtering); genomic methodologies could be useful in describing the circulation and virulence of LM strains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14193372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T14:01:39Z","timestamp":1759154499000},"page":"3372","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of Listeria monocytogenes Dissemination in a Beef Steak Tartare Production Chain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Simone","family":"Stella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 6, 26020 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlo Angelo","family":"Sgoifo Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 6, 26020 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6946-8603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Pomilio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IZSAM, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell\u2019Abruzzo e del Molise G. Caporale, Via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6290-0571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriella","family":"Centorotola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IZSAM, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell\u2019Abruzzo e del Molise G. Caporale, Via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4684-7886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Torresi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IZSAM, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell\u2019Abruzzo e del Molise G. Caporale, Via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7412-2164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Chiaverini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IZSAM, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell\u2019Abruzzo e del Molise G. Caporale, Via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6934-7748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Filippa","family":"Addis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 6, 26020 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4946-2233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristian","family":"Bernardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 6, 26020 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2855-2651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Penati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 6, 26020 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Locatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 6, 26020 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0974-3084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Moroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 6, 26020 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4588-0171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Grossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 6, 26020 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9825-6109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viviana","family":"Fusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 6, 26020 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Urgesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 6, 26020 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2037-1875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erica","family":"Tirloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 6, 26020 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)-European Centre for Disease Prevention Control (ECDC) (2024). 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