{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T06:51:37Z","timestamp":1793947897451,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":199,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Development Foundation","award":["02025008018685"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02025008018685"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tuna species, as highly migratory apex predators of major commercial significance, play a vital role as biological indicators of microplastics (MPs) contamination due to their trophic position and wide geographic distribution. Current systematic review aims to analyze the occurrence, characteristics, and concentrations of MPs in various tuna species. Data from 19 studies were compiled, focusing on the presence of MPs in different organs (gills, muscles, gastrointestinal tracts). High concentrations of MPs were found in tuna species from the Bay of Bengal (42.13 \u00b1 13.58 MPs\/individual in Thunnus obesus) and the Persian Gulf (5.71 MPs\/individual in Thunnus tonggol), indicating significant contamination in these regions. Polyethylene (PE) and Polypropylene (PP) were the most commonly detected polymers, suggesting their widespread presence in marine environments. The dominant size range of MPs was 0.5\u20132.5 mm, with fibers and fragments being the most common shapes. The presence of MPs in edible tissues raises concerns about potential health risks for both marine life and human consumers. Future research should focus on expanding geographical coverage and investigating the ecological and health impacts of MPs ingestion. Long-term monitoring and international collaboration are essential to address this global environmental challenge effectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14203547","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T16:13:03Z","timestamp":1760717583000},"page":"3547","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Systematic Review of Microplastic Contamination in Tuna Species: General Pathways into the Food Chain with Ecotoxicological and Human Health Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0143-9288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leila","family":"Peivasteh-roudsari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Food Safety Division, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11369, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fardin","family":"Javanmardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11369, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parisa","family":"Shavali Gilani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Food Safety Division, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11369, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8970-5733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Behrouz","family":"Tajdar-oranj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 67146, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zohreh Safayi","family":"Doost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 61000, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hananeh","family":"Yazdanbakhsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 67146, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6506-6113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Burhan","family":"Basaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize 53100, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envadv.2022.100249","article-title":"Plastics for dinner: Store-bought seafood, but not wild-caught from the Great Barrier Reef, as a source of microplastics to human consumers","volume":"8","author":"Dawson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Adv."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s13750-020-00193-w","article-title":"Social and ecological outcomes of conservation interventions in tropical coastal marine ecosystems: A systematic map protocol","volume":"9","author":"Brooks","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Evid."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cisneros-Montemayor, A.M., Pauly, D., Weatherdon, L.V., and Ota, Y. (2016). A global estimate of seafood consumption by coastal indigenous peoples. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166681"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2009.07.003","article-title":"Pharmacology, Comparison of the nutritional\u2013toxicological conflict related to seafood consumption in different regions worldwide","volume":"55","author":"Sioen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2010.08.007","article-title":"Plastic ingestion by planktivorous fishes in the North Pacific Central Gyre","volume":"60","author":"Boerger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"629","article-title":"Presence of microplastics in the digestive tract of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) in Chabahar Bay","volume":"16","author":"Amirkia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Iran. J. Health Environ."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121532","article-title":"From prey to predators: Evidence of microplastic trophic transfer in tuna and large pelagic species in the southwestern Tropical Atlantic","volume":"327","author":"Justino","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cai, Z., Li, M., Zhu, Z., Wang, X., Huang, Y., Li, T., Gong, H., and Yan, M. (2023). Biological degradation of plastics and microplastics: A recent perspective on associated mechanisms and influencing factors. Microorganisms, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11071661"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112232","article-title":"Microplastic pollution in mountain terrains and foothills: A review on source, extraction, and distribution of microplastics in remote areas","volume":"207","author":"Padha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.37256\/fse.5220244519","article-title":"Microplastic Contamination in Food Processing: Role of Packaging Materials","volume":"5","author":"Sharma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.20517\/wecn.2023.73","article-title":"A review on the presence of microplastics in environmental matrices within Southeast Asia: Elucidating risk information through an analysis of microplastic characteristics such as size, shape, and type","volume":"3","author":"Ali","year":"2024","journal-title":"Water Emerg. Contam. Nanoplast"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10239","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1314705111","article-title":"Plastic debris in the open ocean","volume":"111","author":"Irigoien","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1002\/2211-5463.13120","article-title":"From plastics to microplastics and organisms","volume":"11","author":"Bajt","year":"2021","journal-title":"FEBS Open Bio"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.116426","article-title":"Toxicological review of micro-and nano-plastics in aquatic environments: Risks to ecosystems, food web dynamics and human health","volume":"278","author":"Habumugisha","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.07.207","article-title":"Studies of the effects of microplastics on aquatic organisms: What do we know and where should we focus our efforts in the future?","volume":"645","author":"Oliveira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2013.02.031","article-title":"The physical impacts of microplastics on marine organisms: A review","volume":"178","author":"Wright","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2008.0284","article-title":"Transport and release of chemicals from plastics to the environment and to wildlife","volume":"364","author":"Teuten","year":"2009","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alberghini, L., Truant, A., Santonicola, S., Colavita, G., and Giaccone, V. (2022). Microplastics in fish and fishery products and risks for human health: A review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20010789"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"1","article-title":"Exposure routes of microplastics (MPs) to humans and possible risks of MPs to human health from food and the environment: A short review","volume":"10","author":"Kibria","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Food Saf. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12300","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b02540","article-title":"Plastic teabags release billions of microparticles and nanoparticles into tea","volume":"53","author":"Hernandez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) (2016). Presence of microplastics and nanoplastics in food, with particular focus on seafood. Efsa J., 14, e04501.","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2016.4501"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2024.117020","article-title":"Occurrence, characteristics and distribution of microplastics in commercial marine fishes of the Bay of Bengal","volume":"208","author":"Mondal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s40201-024-00907-z","article-title":"Comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of microplastic prevalence and abundance in freshwater fish species: The effect of fish species habitat, feeding behavior, and Fulton\u2019s condition factor","volume":"22","author":"Nodehi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Environ. Health Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115060","article-title":"Microplastic in the stomachs of open-ocean and deep-sea fishes of the North-East Atlantic","volume":"265","author":"Pereira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0269-7491(03)00261-6","article-title":"Global pollution monitoring of butyltin compounds using skipjack tuna as a bioindicator","volume":"127","author":"Ueno","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1890\/13-1467.1","article-title":"Reconstructing transoceanic migration patterns of Pacific bluefin tuna using a chemical tracer toolbox","volume":"95","author":"Madigan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-011-9136-4","article-title":"Bioaccumulation of mercury in muscle tissue of yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares, of the eastern Pacific Ocean","volume":"144","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emcon.2020.11.003","article-title":"Global occurrence, bioaccumulation factors and toxic effects of polychlorinated biphenyls in tuna: A review","volume":"6","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg. Contam."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borriello, L., Scivicco, M., Cacciola, N., Esposito, F., Severino, L., and Cirillo, T. (2023). Microplastics, a global issue: Human exposure through environmental and dietary sources. Foods, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12183396"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2012.11.028","article-title":"Occurrence of microplastics in the gastrointestinal tract of pelagic and demersal fish from the English Channel","volume":"67","author":"Lusher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-024-12900-y","article-title":"Assessment, Ecological assessment of microplastic contamination in surface water and commercially important edible fishes off Kadalundi estuary, Southwest coast of India","volume":"196","author":"Sreeparvathi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115365","article-title":"Microplastics in the edible and inedible tissues of pelagic fishes sold for human consumption in Kerala, India","volume":"266","author":"Daniel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.05.027","article-title":"Small-sized microplastics and pigmented particles in bottled mineral water","volume":"141","author":"Sarau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Danopoulos, E., Twiddy, M., and Rotchell, J.M. (2020). Microplastic contamination of drinking water: A systematic review. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0236838"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13622","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b03163","article-title":"Microplastic pollution in table salts from China","volume":"49","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.134682","article-title":"Microplastic contamination in commercial salt: An issue for their sampling and quantification","volume":"404","author":"Sammartino","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.70030","article-title":"Microplastics comprehensive review: Impact on honey bee, occurrence in honey and health risk evaluation","volume":"62","author":"Moradian","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Appl. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2023.105611","article-title":"Microplastics in branded milk: Dietary exposure and risk assessment","volume":"123","author":"Basaran","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Food Compos. Anal."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Da Costa Filho, P.A., Andrey, D., Eriksen, B., Peixoto, R.P., Carreres, B.M., Amb\u00fchl, M.E., Descarrega, J.B., Dubascoux, S., Zbinden, P., and Panchaud, A. (2021). Detection and characterization of small-sized microplastics (\u22655 \u00b5m) in milk products. Sci. Rep., 11.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-03458-7"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1080\/19440049.2014.945099","article-title":"Synthetic particles as contaminants in German beers","volume":"31","author":"Liebezeit","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Addit. Contam. Part. A"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134699","article-title":"Microplastics in aquatic environments: Occurrence, accumulation, and biological effects","volume":"703","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134455","article-title":"Environmental exposure to microplastics: An overview on possible human health effects","volume":"702","author":"Prata","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.164533","article-title":"Agricultural plastics as a potential threat to food security, health, and environment through soil pollution by microplastics: Problem definition","volume":"892","author":"Briassoulis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"McGlade, J., Samy Fahim, I., Green, D., Landrigan, P., Andrady, A., Costa, M., Geyer, R., Gomes, R., Tan Shau Hwai, A., and Jambeck, J. (2021). From Pollution to Solution: A Global Assessment of Marine Litter and Plastic Pollution. UN environment programme (UNEP). Available online: https:\/\/www.unep.org\/resources\/pollution-solution-global-assessment-marine-litter-and-plastic-pollution."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130185","article-title":"Microplastic contamination in the skipjack tuna (Euthynnus affinis) collected from southern coast of Java, Indonesia","volume":"276","author":"Hadibarata","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1163\/24686042-12340034","article-title":"Marine plastic pollution in Asia: All hands on deck!","volume":"3","author":"Garcia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. J. Environ. Law."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"65","article-title":"A review of microplastics in freshwater environments: Locations, methods, and pollution loads","volume":"4","author":"Peller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Contam. Our Water Identif. Remediat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.118190","article-title":"Environmental microplastic and nanoplastic: Exposure routes and effects on coagulation and the cardiovascular system","volume":"291","author":"Lett","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shahnawaz, M., Adetunji, C.O., Dar, M.A., and Zhu, D. (2024). Microplastic Pollution, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-99-8357-5"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.154886","article-title":"Microplastic ingestion in zooplankton from the Fram Strait in the Arctic","volume":"831","author":"Botterell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prusty, K., Rabari, V., Patel, K., Ali, D., Alarifi, S., Yadav, V.K., Sahoo, D.K., Patel, A., and Trivedi, J. (2023). An assessment of microplastic contamination in a commercially important marine fish, Harpadon nehereus (Hamilton, 1822). Fishes, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/fishes8090432"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2022.113955","article-title":"Occurrence of microplastics in gastrointestinal tract of fish from the Gulf of Guinea, Ghana","volume":"182","author":"Pappoe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dias, B., Amarathunga, A., De Silva, D., Bakir, A., McGoran, A., Athukorala, A., Sivyer, D., Reeve, C., and Maddumage, M. (2024). The Ecological Implication of Microplastic in Crabs from a Tropical Lagoon: Ingested Microplastic in Mud Crab Scylla serrata. Water, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/w16233534"},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"10914","article-title":"Detection of microplastic fibers tangle in deep-water rose shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris, Lucas, 1846) in the northeastern Mediterranean Sea","volume":"30","author":"Research","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2015.06.051","article-title":"Microplastic contamination in brown shrimp (Crangon crangon, Linnaeus 1758) from coastal waters of the Southern North Sea and Channel area","volume":"98","author":"Devriese","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.114368","article-title":"Field study of the microplastic pollution in sea snails (Ellobium chinense) from mangrove forest and their relationships with microplastics in water\/sediment located on the north of Beibu Gulf","volume":"263","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Franceschini, S., Cau, A., D\u2019Andrea, L., Follesa, M.C., and Russo, T. (2021). Eating near the dump: Identification of nearby plastic hotspot as a proxy for potential microplastic contamination in the Norwegian lobster (Nephrops norvegicus). Front. Mar. Sci., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2021.682616"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-023-05720-4","article-title":"How microplastics interact with food chain: A short overview of fate and impacts","volume":"61","author":"Saeedi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.53623\/tasp.v2i2.134","article-title":"Characteristics of microplastic in commercial aquatic organisms","volume":"2","author":"Kristanti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trop. Aquat. Soil. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2020.105521","article-title":"Microplastics Lead to Hyperactive Swimming Behaviour in Adult Zebrafish","volume":"224","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118582","article-title":"Concurrent water-and foodborne exposure to microplastics leads to differential microplastic ingestion and neurotoxic effects in zebrafish","volume":"219","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1515\/reveh-2021-0103","article-title":"A review of microplastic pollution in commercial fish for human consumption","volume":"38","author":"Makhdoumi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-018-0206-z","article-title":"Microplastics in Seafood and the Implications for Human Health","volume":"5","author":"Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Environ. Health Rep."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2015.09.018","article-title":"Microplastics in commercial bivalves from China","volume":"207","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.11.057","article-title":"Microplastic in cultured oysters from different coastal areas of China","volume":"653","author":"Teng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.113734","article-title":"Occurrence of microplastics in gastrointestinal tracts and gills of fish from Beibu Gulf, South China Sea","volume":"258","author":"Koongolla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.119163","article-title":"Microplastic contamination in seafood from Dongshan Bay in southeastern China and its health risk implication for human consumption","volume":"303","author":"Pan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.123233","article-title":"Exposure of US adults to microplastics from commonly-consumed proteins","volume":"343","author":"Milne","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.118030","article-title":"Low abundance of microplastics in commercially caught fish across southern Australia","volume":"290","author":"Wootton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9408","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c02337","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of selected plastics in high-commercial-value Australian seafood by pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry","volume":"54","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2025088","DOI":"10.31893\/multirev.2025088","article-title":"A critical review on microplastics in edible fruits and vegetables: A threat to human health","volume":"8","author":"Mandal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Multidiscip. Rev."},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"1","article-title":"Microplastic accumulation in agricultural soils\u2013Impacts on crop microbiomes and soil health","volume":"1","author":"Panda","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Agric. Livest. Farming"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.114980","article-title":"Microplastics as pollutants in agricultural soils","volume":"265","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1002\/jeq2.20264","article-title":"Microplastics interaction with terrestrial plants and their impacts on agriculture","volume":"50","author":"Ullah","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.114096","article-title":"Agricultural plastic mulching as a source of microplastics in the terrestrial environment","volume":"260","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rillig, M.C., Ingraffia, R., and de Souza Machado, A.A. (2017). Microplastic incorporation into soil in agroecosystems. Front. Plant Sci., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2017.01805"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.7324\/JABB.2022.10s204","article-title":"Microplastics accumulation in agricultural soil: Evidence for the presence, potential effects, extraction, and current bioremediation approaches","volume":"10","author":"Yadav","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Appl. Biol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109677","article-title":"Micro-and nano-plastics in edible fruit and vegetables. The first diet risks assessment for the general population","volume":"187","author":"Conti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ayd\u0131n, R.B., Yozukmaz, A., \u015eener, \u0130., Temiz, F., and Giannetto, D. (2023). Occurrence of microplastics in most consumed fruits and vegetables from Turkey and public risk assessment for consumers. Life, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/life13081686"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1260352","article-title":"Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean","volume":"347","author":"Jambeck","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4182","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.1c07849","article-title":"Activities of microplastics (MPs) in agricultural soil: A review of MPs pollution from the perspective of agricultural ecosystems","volume":"70","author":"Jin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.160619","article-title":"Urban pipeline rainwater runoff is an important pathway for land-based microplastics transport to inland surface water: A case study in Beijing","volume":"861","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.118227","article-title":"Contribution of mulch film to microplastics in agricultural soil and surface water in China","volume":"291","author":"Ren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.143936","article-title":"The occurrence and transport of microplastics: The state of the science","volume":"758","author":"Petersen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-019-0335-5","article-title":"Atmospheric transport and deposition of microplastics in a remote mountain catchment","volume":"12","author":"Allen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105411","article-title":"Atmospheric microplastic deposition in an urban environment and an evaluation of transport","volume":"136","author":"Wright","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2016.01.006","article-title":"Synthetic fibers in atmospheric fallout: A source of microplastics in the environment?","volume":"104","author":"Dris","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.121","article-title":"Importance of atmospheric transport for microplastics deposited in remote areas","volume":"254","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.128674","article-title":"Microplastic ingestion from atmospheric deposition during dining\/drinking activities","volume":"432","author":"Fang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_90","first-page":"100346","article-title":"Microplastics in the urban atmosphere: Sources, occurrences, distribution, and potential health implications","volume":"12","author":"Jahandari","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater. Adv."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135504","article-title":"Mini-review of microplastics in the atmosphere and their risks to humans","volume":"703","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3404","DOI":"10.1021\/es903784e","article-title":"Spatial patterns of plastic debris along estuarine shorelines","volume":"44","author":"Browne","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145503","article-title":"Traffic-related microplastic particles, metals, and organic pollutants in an urban area under reconstruction","volume":"774","author":"Magnusson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1306\/2DC4094A-0E47-11D7-8643000102C1865D","article-title":"Aerodynamic and Geometric Diameters of Airborne Particles","volume":"71","author":"Chen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Sediment. Res."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gr.2022.02.001","article-title":"Occurrence and human exposure risks of atmospheric microplastics: A review","volume":"108","author":"Yuan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gondwana Res."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12107","DOI":"10.1002\/eom2.12107","article-title":"Microplastics release from victuals packaging materials during daily usage","volume":"3","author":"Guan","year":"2021","journal-title":"EcoMat"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1038\/s43016-020-00171-y","article-title":"Microplastic release from the degradation of polypropylene feeding bottles during infant formula preparation","volume":"1","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Food"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prata, J.C., and Dias-Pereira, P. (2023). Microplastics in terrestrial domestic animals and human health: Implications for food security and food safety and their role as sentinels. Animals, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13040661"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8932","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b01090","article-title":"Potential health impact of environmentally released micro-and nanoplastics in the human food production chain: Experiences from nanotoxicology","volume":"49","author":"Bouwmeester","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1186\/2193-1801-2-398","article-title":"Photodegradation and photostabilization of polymers, especially polystyrene: Review","volume":"2","author":"Yousif","year":"2013","journal-title":"Springerplus"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2020.110112","article-title":"Thermal degradation of waste plastics under non-sweeping atmosphere: Part 2: Effect of process temperature on product characteristics and their future applications","volume":"261","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.159834","article-title":"Microplastics in human food chains: Food becoming a threat to health safety","volume":"858","author":"Prasetya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clema.2024.100220","article-title":"The world of plastic waste: A review","volume":"11","author":"Ratnayake","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clean. Mater."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.2174\/1573401317666210505100139","article-title":"Characteristics of different plastic materials, properties and their role in food packaging","volume":"17","author":"Fasake","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Nutr. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nov\u00e1k, I., Popelka, A., \u0160pitalsk\u00fd, Z., Krupa, I., and Tavman, S. (2016). Polyolefin in packaging and food industry. Polyolefin Compounds and Materials: Fundamentals and Industrial Applications, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-25982-6_7"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2023.101071","article-title":"The barrier properties of sustainable multiphase and multicomponent packaging materials: A review","volume":"133","author":"Trinh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prog. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2023.0048","article-title":"Health Effects of Microplastic Exposures: Current Issues and Perspectives in South Korea","volume":"64","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Yonsei Med. J."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114564","article-title":"From marine to freshwater environment: A review of the ecotoxicological effects of microplastics","volume":"251","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.120788","article-title":"Nanoplastics in the soil environment: Analytical methods, occurrence, fate and ecological implications","volume":"317","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115636","article-title":"Microplastics exposure promotes the proliferation of skin cancer cells but inhibits the growth of normal skin cells by regulating the inflammatory process","volume":"267","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.17756","article-title":"Gynaecology, Exposure to microplastics and human reproductive outcomes: A systematic review","volume":"131","author":"Hunt","year":"2024","journal-title":"BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169525","article-title":"Unraveling the threat: Microplastics and nano-plastics\u2018 impact on reproductive viability across ecosystems","volume":"913","author":"Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dubey, I., Khan, S., and Kushwaha, S. (2022). Developmental and reproductive toxic effects of exposure to microplastics: A review of associated signaling pathways. Front. Toxicol., 4.","DOI":"10.3389\/ftox.2022.901798"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.173177","article-title":"The hidden threat: Unraveling the impact of microplastics on reproductive health","volume":"935","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali, W., Buriro, R.S., Gandahi, J.A., Chen, Y., ul Aabdin, Z., Bhutto, S., Sun, J., Zhu, J., Liu, Z., and Zou, H. (2024). A critical review on male-female reproductive and developmental toxicity induced by micro-plastics and nano-plastics through different signaling pathways. Chem. Biol. Interact., 394.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2024.110976"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2023.113938","article-title":"Effects of nano and microplastics on the reproduction system: In vitro and in vivo studies review","volume":"178","author":"Fard","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng, H., Vidili, G., Casu, G., Navarese, E.P., Sechi, L.A., and Chen, Y. (2024). Microplastics and nanoplastics in cardiovascular disease\u2014A narrative review with worrying links. Front. Toxicol., 6.","DOI":"10.3389\/ftox.2024.1479292"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2309822","article-title":"Microplastics and nanoplastics in atheromas and cardiovascular events","volume":"390","author":"Marfella","year":"2024","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2024.143032","article-title":"Microplastic-induced hepatic adverse effects evaluated in advanced quadruple cell human primary models following three weeks of repeated exposure","volume":"364","author":"Guraka","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.150328","article-title":"Polystyrene microplastics induce hepatotoxicity and disrupt lipid metabolism in the liver organoids","volume":"806","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121068","article-title":"Exposure to polystyrene microplastics triggers lung injury via targeting toll-like receptor 2 and activation of the NF-\u03baB signal in mice","volume":"320","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bora, S.S., Gogoi, R., Sharma, M.R., Borah, M.P., Deka, P., Bora, J., Naorem, R.S., Das, J., and Teli, A.B. (2024). Microplastics and human health: Unveiling the gut microbiome disruption and chronic disease risks. Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1492759"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147365","article-title":"Microplastic: A potential threat to human and animal health by interfering with the intestinal barrier function and changing the intestinal microenvironment","volume":"785","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000002085","article-title":"What Gastroenterologists Should Know About Microplastics and Nanoplastics","volume":"59","author":"Ali","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2023.110029","article-title":"Optimization of a method designed to extract and characterize microplastics in different packaged fish products","volume":"154","author":"Duman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12285","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c02608","article-title":"Microplastics reduce lipid digestion in simulated human gastrointestinal system","volume":"54","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1080\/10937404.2024.2406192","article-title":"Local and systemic effects of microplastic particles through cell damage, release of chemicals and drugs, dysbiosis, and interference with the absorption of nutrients","volume":"27","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B"},{"key":"ref_128","first-page":"351","article-title":"Exploring Bacterial Interactions with Microplastics in the Human Gut Microbiome","volume":"16","author":"Alqurashi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Egypt. Acad. J. Biol. Sci. C Physiol. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.125632","article-title":"Microplastics in the human digestive environment: A focus on the potential and challenges facing in vitro gut model development","volume":"415","author":"Fournier","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhuyan, M.S. (2022). Effects of microplastics on fish and in human health. Front. Environ. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2022.827289"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989-020-00358-y","article-title":"The plastic brain: Neurotoxicity of micro-and nanoplastics","volume":"17","author":"Meijer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4186","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb46050256","article-title":"Mind over microplastics: Exploring microplastic-induced gut disruption and gut-brain-axis consequences","volume":"46","author":"Sofield","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e18140","article-title":"Origin, dietary exposure, and toxicity of endocrine-disrupting food chemical contaminants: A comprehensive review","volume":"9","author":"Sharifi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2018.10.009","article-title":"Microplastic in marine organism: Environmental and toxicological effects","volume":"64","author":"Guzzetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, W., Zhao, Y., Shi, Z., Li, Z., and Liang, X. (2020). Ecotoxicoproteomic assessment of microplastics and plastic additives in aquatic organisms: A review. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. D, 36.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbd.2020.100713"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsv241","article-title":"Microplastic interactions with North Atlantic mesopelagic fish","volume":"73","author":"Lusher","year":"2016","journal-title":"ICES J. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref_137","first-page":"133","article-title":"Distribution of microplastics and nanoplastics in aquatic ecosystems and their impacts on aquatic organisms, with emphasis on microalgae","volume":"246","author":"Wan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1002\/ieam.1913","article-title":"management, Ingestion of microplastics by fish and its potential consequences from a physical perspective","volume":"13","year":"2017","journal-title":"Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.03.046","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the effects of exposure to microplastics on fish and aquatic invertebrates","volume":"631","author":"Foley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_140","first-page":"27","article-title":"In a nutshell: Microplastics and fisheries","volume":"144","author":"Markic","year":"2014","journal-title":"SPC Fish. Newslett"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1138275","article-title":"Food web specific biomagnification of persistent organic pollutants","volume":"317","author":"Kelly","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alava, J.J. (2020). Modeling the bioaccumulation and biomagnification potential of microplastics in a cetacean foodweb of the northeastern pacific: A prospective tool to assess the risk exposure to plastic particles. Front. Mar. Sci., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2020.566101"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miller, M.E., Hamann, M., and Kroon, F. (2020). Bioaccumulation and biomagnification of microplastics in marine organisms: A review and meta-analysis of current data. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0240792"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2017.05.096","article-title":"Occurrence and effects of plastic additives on marine environments and organisms: A review","volume":"182","author":"Hermabessiere","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.123219","article-title":"Various additive release from microplastics and their toxicity in aquatic environments","volume":"343","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2024.104397","article-title":"Unveiling the ecotoxicological impact of microplastics on organisms-the persistent organic pollutant (POP): A comprehensive review","volume":"266","author":"Siwach","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Contam. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.124187","article-title":"Microplastics and associated contaminants in the aquatic environment: A review on their ecotoxicological effects, trophic transfer, and potential impacts to human health","volume":"405","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2011.05.030","article-title":"Microplastics in the marine environment","volume":"62","author":"Andrady","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.3461","article-title":"Microplastics as vectors for bioaccumulation of hydrophobic organic chemicals in the marine environment: A state-of-the-science review","volume":"35","author":"Ziccardi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2848","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5456","article-title":"Developmental polyethylene microplastic fiber exposure entails subtle reproductive impacts in juvenile Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes), Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":"41","author":"DiBona","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2013.10.013","article-title":"Ingestion and transfer of microplastics in the planktonic food web","volume":"185","author":"Lehtiniemi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2014.10.026","article-title":"Effects of microplastics on juveniles of the common goby (Pomatoschistus microps): Confusion with prey, reduction of the predatory performance and efficiency, and possible influence of developmental conditions","volume":"196","author":"Guilhermino","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Subaramaniyam, U., Allimuthu, R.S., Vappu, S., Ramalingam, D., Balan, R., Paital, B., Panda, N., Rath, P.K., Ramalingam, N., and Sahoo, D.K. (2023). Effects of microplastics, pesticides and nano-materials on fish health, oxidative stress and antioxidant defense mechanism. Front. Physiol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1217666"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.5455\/OVJ.2015.v5.i2.p130","article-title":"Determination of cadmium, lead and mercury residual levels in meat of canned light tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis and Thunnus albacares) and fresh little tunny (Euthynnus alletteratus) in Libya","volume":"5","author":"Abolghait","year":"2015","journal-title":"Open Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, K., Zhang, J., Zhang, P., Su, L., Hong, X., Qiu, Y., and Chen, Z. (2023). This is what we know: Assessing the stock status of the data-poor skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) fishery in the South China Sea. Front. Mar. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2023.1095411"},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.09.090","article-title":"Heavy metals in yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and common dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) landed on the Ecuadorian coast","volume":"541","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4077","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.15499","article-title":"Potential hazards associated with the consumption of Scombridae fish: Infection and toxicity from raw material and processing","volume":"132","author":"Yemmen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2021.112693","article-title":"Occurrence, abundance and characteristics of microplastics in some commercial fish of northern coasts of the Persian Gulf","volume":"171","author":"Hosseinpour","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.127656","article-title":"Occurrence and distribution of microplastics in commercial fishes from estuarine areas of Guangdong, South China","volume":"260","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22715","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-024-32564-y","article-title":"Environmental and ecological risk of microplastics in the surface waters and gastrointestinal tract of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) around the Lakshadweep Islands, India","volume":"31","author":"Ragesh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2024.111114","article-title":"Microplastic contamination in some popular seafood fish species from the northern Bay of Bengal and possible consumer risk assessment","volume":"171","author":"Jamal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2023.136507","article-title":"Assessment of microplastic contamination in an eastern Pacific tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) and evaluation of its health risk implication through molecular docking and metabolomics studies","volume":"426","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2025.117584","article-title":"Toxic tuna tales: Tracing microplastic pathways in mackerel tuna (Euthynnus affinis), longtail tuna (Thunnus tonggol), and bullet tuna (Auxis rochei)","volume":"212","author":"Musa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"ref_164","first-page":"199","article-title":"Microplastics in Organs of Commercial Marine Fishes from Five Fishing Ports in Java Island, Indonesia","volume":"27","author":"Yona","year":"2022","journal-title":"Llmu Kelaut. Indones. J. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.08.042","article-title":"Plastic ingestion and trophic transfer between Easter Island flying fish (Cheilopogon rapanouiensis) and yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) from Rapa Nui (Easter Island)","volume":"243","author":"Chagnon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_166","first-page":"102958","article-title":"Occurrence of microplastics in some commercially important seafood varieties from Negombo, Sri Lanka","volume":"62","author":"Kandeyaya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reg. Stud. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seares.2023.102359","article-title":"Detection of Microplastics, Polymers and Additives in Edible Muscle of Swordfish (X. Gladius) and Bluefin Tuna (T. Thynnus) Caught in the Mediterranean Sea","volume":"192","author":"Mascilongo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Sea Res."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115508","article-title":"Ingestion of plastic debris by commercially important marine fish in southeast-south Brazil","volume":"267","author":"Neto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-023-06650-9","article-title":"Micro-debris accumulated in marine fishes collected from Central Vietnam: Characteristics and implication for human health risk","volume":"234","author":"My","year":"2023","journal-title":"Water Air Soil. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Widyastuti, S., Abidin, A.S., Hikmaturrohmi, H., Ilhami, B.T.K., Kurniawan, N.S.H., Jupri, A., Candri, D.A., Frediansyah, A., and Prasedya, E.S. (2023). Microplastic Contamination in Different Marine Species of Bintaro Fish Market, Indonesia. Sustainability, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/su15129836"},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.137614","article-title":"Occurrence of microplastics in epipelagic and mesopelagic fishes from Tuticorin, Southeast coast of India","volume":"720","author":"Sathish","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.21608\/ejabf.2025.410765","article-title":"Identification of Microplastic in the Digestive Tracts of Mackerel Tuna, Lemuru and Sea Water from Pangandaran, Indonesia","volume":"29","author":"Rosidah","year":"2025","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Aquat. Biol. Fish."},{"key":"ref_173","first-page":"498","article-title":"What makes the second-largest apparel-exporting nation? An in-depth analysis of competitiveness and comparative advantage in Bangladesh\u2019s apparel industry","volume":"35","author":"Hasan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Compet. Rev."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envc.2021.100107","article-title":"Assessment of urban thermal field variance index and defining the relationship between land cover and surface temperature in Chattogram city: A remote sensing and statistical approach","volume":"4","author":"Naim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Chall."},{"key":"ref_175","unstructured":"Connor, R., United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia, Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, and United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (2017). The United Nations World Water Development Report 2017. Wastewater: The Untapped Resource, Alliance of Agricultural Information Services. Available online: https:\/\/wedocs.unep.org\/20.500.11822\/20448."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.47853\/FAS.2023.e64","article-title":"Microplastic pollution in two industrial locations of the Karnaphuli River, Bangladesh: Insights on abundance, types, and characteristics","volume":"26","author":"Shimul","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fish. Aquat. Sci."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1108\/EEMCS-05-2023-0181","article-title":"Asia\u2019s battle against the perpetual plastic problem","volume":"14","author":"Homer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emerald Emerg. Mark. Case Stud."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1080\/09692290.2020.1844271","article-title":"The political economy of moving up in global value chains: How Malaysia added value to its natural resources through industrial policy","volume":"29","author":"Lebdioui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. Int. Polit. Econ."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.4038\/sljas.v30i1.7621","article-title":"Water quality and floating microplastics pollution along Southern to Northwestern Coast, Sri Lanka","volume":"30","author":"Mahagamage","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sri Lanka J. Aquat. Sci."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e36047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36047","article-title":"Contamination by microplastics and sorbed organic pollutants in the surface waters of the Tiet\u00ea River, S\u00e3o Paulo-SP, Brazil","volume":"10","author":"Olivatto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1719","DOI":"10.5327\/Z2176-94781719","article-title":"Microplastics in Brazilian coastal environments: A systematic review","volume":"59","author":"Escrobot","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. De. Ci\u00eancias Ambient."},{"key":"#cr-split#-ref_182.1","unstructured":"EU, European Parliament, and Council of the European Union (2019). Directive"},{"key":"#cr-split#-ref_182.2","unstructured":"(EU) 2019\/904 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the reduction of the impact of certain plastic products on the environment. Off. J. Eur. Union, 155, 1-19."},{"key":"ref_183","unstructured":"EU (2023). Commission Regulation (EU) 2023\/2055 of 25 September 2023 amending Annex XVII to Regulation (EC) No 1907\/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) as regards synthetic polymer microparticles. Off. J. Eur. Union, 27, 67\u201388."},{"key":"ref_184","unstructured":"Susnjara, N. (2025, June 21). France the First to Introduce Mandatory Microfiber Filters on Washing Machines from 2025. Available online: https:\/\/planetcare.org\/."},{"key":"ref_185","unstructured":"OSPAR (2018). OSPAR Background Document on Pre-Production Plastic Pellets. OSPAR Convention, OSPAR."},{"key":"ref_186","first-page":"19","article-title":"Directive 2008\/56\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council","volume":"17","author":"Directive","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Counc. Decis."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C\u00f3zar, A., Sanz-Mart\u00edn, M., Mart\u00ed, E., Gonz\u00e1lez-Gordillo, J.I., Ubeda, B., G\u00e1lvez, J.\u00c1., Irigoien, X., and Duarte, C.M. (2015). Plastic accumulation in the Mediterranean Sea. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121762"},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00090","DOI":"10.1016\/j.teac.2020.e00090","article-title":"Microplastics in Mediterranean coastal area: Toxicity and impact for the environment and human health","volume":"27","author":"Llorca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Environ. Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma, S., Sharma, V., and Chatterjee, S. (2021). Microplastics in the Mediterranean Sea: Sources, pollution intensity, sea health, and regulatory policies. Front. Mar. Sci., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2021.634934"},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.133933","article-title":"Microplastics pollution along the Lebanese coast (Eastern Mediterranean Basin): Occurrence in surface water, sediments and biota samples","volume":"696","author":"Kazour","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talo.2025.100514","article-title":"Emerging analytical frontiers in microplastic detection: From spectroscopy to smart sensor technologies","volume":"12","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Talanta Open"},{"key":"ref_192","unstructured":"Olesen, K.B., van Alst, N., Simon, M., Vianello, A., Liu, F., and Vollertsen, J. (2018). Analysis of Microplastics Using FTIR imaging: Application Note. Agilent Technologies, Inc.. Available online: www.agilent.com\/chem."},{"key":"ref_193","first-page":"27","article-title":"Micro-FTIR and micro-Raman study of paints used by Sam Francis","volume":"6","author":"Bouchard","year":"2009","journal-title":"E Preserv. Sci."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2024.118111","article-title":"Advances in microplastic characterization: Spectroscopic techniques and heavy metal adsorption insights","volume":"183","author":"Vasudeva","year":"2025","journal-title":"TrAC Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xue, Q., Wang, N., Yang, H., Yang, J., and Bai, H. (2022). Detection of microplastics based on spatial heterodyne Raman spectroscopy. Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc., 283.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2022.121712"},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.168835","article-title":"Quantification and characterization of microplastics in coastal environments: Insights from laser direct infrared imaging","volume":"912","author":"Ghanadi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2019.03.037","article-title":"Abundance, characteristics and surface degradation features of microplastics in beach sediments of five coastal areas in Tamil Nadu, India","volume":"142","author":"Sathish","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2019.115629","article-title":"FTIR and Raman imaging for microplastics analysis: State of the art, challenges and prospects","volume":"119","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"TrAC Trends Anal. Chem."}],"container-title":["Foods"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/14\/20\/3547\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T16:49:02Z","timestamp":1760719742000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/14\/20\/3547"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]]},"references-count":199,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["foods14203547"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods14203547","relation":{},"ISSN":["2304-8158"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2304-8158","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]]}}}