{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T04:46:53Z","timestamp":1783572413944,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82574574"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82574574"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shanxi Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Talent Team Project","award":["202304051001020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202304051001020"]}]},{"name":"Shanxi Provincial Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Guidance Special Program Project","award":["202204021301063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202204021301063"]}]},{"name":"Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory Construction Project for Traditional Chinese Medicine","award":["zyyyjs2024024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["zyyyjs2024024"]}]},{"name":"Shanxi Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Team Project","award":["zyytd2024026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["zyytd2024026"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS), a medicinal and edible homologous herbal drug, is commercially available in both raw and fried (FZSS) forms and has been widely used to improve sleep quality. This study aimed to elucidate the differences in chemical composition between the two specifications. A comprehensive metabolomics approach utilizing 1H NMR, GC\u2013MS, and UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS identified a total of 66 potential biomarkers. The results demonstrated that after frying, the content of fatty acids decreased significantly, while the levels of most primary metabolites (e.g., sugars, amino acids) and secondary metabolites (e.g., alkaloids, flavonoids) increased markedly. Targeted quantification of 14 key components validated these trends: the contents of five fatty acids decreased (p &lt; 0.001), whereas the levels of five secondary metabolites (coclaurine, magnoflorine, spinosin, 6\u2034-feruloylspinosin, and jujuboside A) increased. In contrast, the content of jujuboside B decreased significantly. This study systematically reveals the profound impact of frying on the chemical composition of ZSS, providing a scientific basis for its quality control and processing optimization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14213771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T14:40:48Z","timestamp":1762180848000},"page":"3771","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Analysis of Components in Ziziphi Spinosae Semen Before and After Processing Based on Targeted and Untargeted Metabolomics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1552-1603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruiqi","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030619, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ze","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030619, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lulu","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030619, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiran","family":"Heng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030619, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lianglei","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030619, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030619, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangping","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030619, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0931-8878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenhui","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030619, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15347354231162080","DOI":"10.1177\/15347354231162080","article-title":"The Herbal Medicine Suanzaoren (Ziziphi spinosae Semen) for Sleep Quality Improvements: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"22","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Integr. 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