{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T21:15:19Z","timestamp":1793308519764,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Project of Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","award":["2023010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023010"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tea is one of the most widely consumed beverages worldwide, yet increasing environmental cadmium (Cd2+) contamination poses a serious threat to consumer safety. Understanding the migration pathway of Cd2+ from contaminated soils through tea plants into brewed infusions is essential for comprehensive risk assessment across the entire tea supply chain. However, conventional analytical methods for Cd2+ detection are often time-consuming, labor-intensive, and unsuitable for rapid or on-site monitoring. In this study, we developed a facile, sensitive, and selective electrochemical sensing platform based on a Bi3+-rich metal\u2013organic framework (MOF(Bi)) for reliable Cd2+ quantification in various tea-related matrices. The MOF(Bi) was synthesized via a solvothermal method and directly immobilized onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in a one-step modification process. To enhance Cd2+ preconcentration, cysteine was introduced as a complexing agent, while Nafion was employed to stabilize the sensing interface and improve reproducibility. The resulting Nafion\/cys\/MOF(Bi)\/GCE sensor exhibited excellent sensitivity with a wide linear range from 0.2 and 25 \u03bcg\/L, a low detection limit of 0.18 \u03bcg\/L (S\/N = 3), high selectivity against common interfering ions, and good stability. This platform enabled accurate tracking of Cd2+ transfer from polluted garden soil to raw tea leaves and finally into tea infusions, showing strong correlation with ICP-MS results. Our strategy not only offers a practical tool for on-site food safety monitoring but also provides new insights into heavy metal transfer behavior during tea production and consumption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14213779","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T12:13:08Z","timestamp":1762258388000},"page":"3779","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Tracking Cadmium Transfer from Soil to Cup: An Electrochemical Sensing Strategy Based on Bi3+-Rich MOFs for Tea Safety Monitoring"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jiaoling","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment, Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Nanjing 210014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengyin","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"},{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinxin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xindong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minchen","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2025.344542","article-title":"Electrochemically controlled liquid-liquid microextraction: An innovative methodology for heavy metal extraction from tea using non-toxic menthol-based eutectic mixture","volume":"1375","author":"Marco","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anal. 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