{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T01:45:33Z","timestamp":1777081533428,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2023YFD2401001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFD2401001"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["31972772"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31972772"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tilapia is a cornerstone species in global aquaculture, yet the impact of saline-alkaline adaptive breeding on its flavor-related volatile organic compounds (VOCs) remains unclear. Herein, we compared VOCs in freshwater-cultured tilapia (FW) and 7th-generation tilapia subjected to long-term selective breeding for saline-alkaline tolerance (SAWG7) using an electronic nose (E-nose), gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS), and headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). The aim was to identify flavor differentiation and assess the effect of saline-alkaline acclimation. E-nose analysis revealed distinct odor profiles, with SAWG7 showing higher sensor responses for aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols. GC-IMS detected 32 VOCs, highlighting significant increases in alcohols, aldehydes, and heterocyclics in SAWG7. GC-MS identified 43 VOCs, with orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) confirming 18 discriminant compounds, including elevated ketones (2-undecanone), aldehydes ((E)-2-octenal), alcohols (2,7-Octadien-1-ol), and furans (2-ethyl-Furan) in SAWG7, linked to lipid oxidation under saline-alkaline stress. These findings demonstrate that long-term saline-alkaline breeding achieves a potentially more diverse VOC profile in tilapia by altering its volatile profiles. The study provides insights for optimizing aquaculture practices to improve product quality in marginal environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14223946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T12:33:04Z","timestamp":1763469184000},"page":"3946","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparative Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds in Freshwater-Cultured and Saline\u2013Alkaline Selectively Bred Tilapia Using Electronic Nose, GC-IMS, and HS-SPME-GC-MS"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Zhi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongxue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiashu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2893-2809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Longsheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinliang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1916-8674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jikui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Product on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114902","article-title":"Effect of high alkalinity on shrimp gills: Histopathological alternations and cell specific responses","volume":"256","author":"Ge","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. 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