{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T02:04:57Z","timestamp":1791943497292,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LQ24C200009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ24C200009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32472484"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32472484"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24A20475"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24A20475"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32502405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32502405"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Brewer\u2019s spent grain (BSG), the primary by-product of beer production, represents a promising and sustainable source of plant-based protein. This review provides a comprehensive overview of extraction techniques for brewer\u2019s spent grain protein (BSGP), encompassing conventional methods\u2014such as alkaline, hydrothermal, ethanol, and enzymatic extraction\u2014as well as emerging green approaches, including ultrasound-assisted, microwave-assisted, subcritical water, and deep eutectic solvent extraction. The influence of key extraction parameters on protein yield, purity, and structural integrity is critically examined, along with the resultant alterations in functional properties such as solubility, emulsifying capacity, foaming ability, and gelation behavior. Although through parameter optimization and the application of novel technology, the existing research has been able to increase the protein extraction rate and achieve better functional properties, the challenges of obtaining higher protein purity and extracting proteins on a larger scale remain. Collectively, these findings underscore the considerable potential of BSGP as a multifunctional ingredient in next-generation sustainable food formulations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14234058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T11:50:13Z","timestamp":1764244213000},"page":"4058","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Extraction Techniques for Brewer\u2019s Spent Grain Protein: A Comparative Review of Efficiency, Purity, and Functionality"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Haocheng","family":"Tong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Puxuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technology Research Institute, CR Snow Breweries, Beijing 100010, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6643-3069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengte","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6375-5722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tengfei","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technology Research Institute, CR Snow Breweries, Beijing 100010, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8773-8504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guanchen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donghong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jaeger, A., Zannini, E., Sahin, A.W., and Arendt, E.K. 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