{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:46:50Z","timestamp":1792802810737,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A low-cost screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) was used to determine gallic acid (GA) in banana wine (BW). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) showed GA oxidation in Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS, pH 7.0) with 10% ethanol was diffusion-controlled, forming a quinone species. This supporting electrolyte was applied for calibration using the identified CV and differential-pulsed voltammetry (DPV) peaks, whose low potentials ensured good selectivity and stability. Linearity was obtained between 0.25\u20135.00 \u03bcM GA, suitable for BW analysis. BW was filtered, diluted (1:20) in electrolyte, and analysed via the standard addition method. GA concentrations were 7.369 \u03bcM (CV) and 7.570 \u03bcM (DPV), with no significant differences. Further validation of the voltammetric procedure using fortified BW confirmed its reliability, with excellent recoveries of 94.41% (CV) and 99.33% (DPV). The SPCE-based voltammetric approach offers a simple, accurate, and low-cost method for GA determination in BW, combining good sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14234070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T11:50:13Z","timestamp":1764244213000},"page":"4070","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Electrochemical Behaviour of the Antioxidant Gallic Acid Using a Low-Cost Screen-Printed Carbon Sensor and Its Exploitation for Banana Wine Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3010-3038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sotirios I.","family":"Ekonomou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Sustainable Agri-Food and Environment (SAFE), Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6391-3988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olena","family":"Doran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Sustainable Agri-Food and Environment (SAFE), Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5176-5543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian","family":"Crew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Sustainable Agri-Food and Environment (SAFE), Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Sustainable Agri-Food and Environment (SAFE), Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"FAO (2022). 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