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This review synthesizes current evidence on its multifaceted benefits, including the regulation of lipid and glucose homeostasis via bile acid modulation and short-chain fatty acid production, immunomodulation through NF-\u03baB pathway inhibition, and the enhancement of gut-barrier integrity. Additionally, C. minuta demonstrates protective roles in liver injury, gut\u2013brain-axis communication, and polycystic ovary syndrome via butyrate-mediated mechanisms. However, challenges such as oxygen sensitivity during production, strain-specific effects, and limited long-term safety data hinder clinical translation. Future research must prioritize optimized cultivation, rigorous clinical trials, and strain-level characterization to harness its full therapeutic potential for metabolic and inflammatory diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14234085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T09:56:02Z","timestamp":1764323762000},"page":"4085","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Potential and Challenges of Christensenella minuta as a Next-Generation Probiotic"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Rongrong","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing Institute for Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plants, China Co-ops, Nanjing 211100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3876-3439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minhao","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungus Preservation and Intensive Processing, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Merlo, G., Bachtel, G., and Sugden, S.G. 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