{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:46:19Z","timestamp":1792802779504,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":131,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004154","name":"Mae Fah Luang University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004154","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"\u201cProgram Management Unit for Competitiveness (PMUC)\u201d","award":["C02F670127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C02F670127"]}]},{"name":"Postdoctoral Fellowship Fund from Mae Fah Luang University, Thailand","award":["10\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10\/2025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its associated conditions, namely, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), obesity, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are characterized by insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and low-grade inflammation. Curcumin, a polyphenolic compound derived from Curcuma longa Linn., exhibits pleiotropic metabolic and anti-inflammatory properties and has thus been evaluated as a nutraceutical intervention for these conditions, but findings remain inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the clinical efficacy of Curcuma longa supplementation on anthropometric, glycemic, lipid, inflammatory, and oxidative stress parameters in adults with MetS or related disorders. A comprehensive search of databases (PubMed, Scopus, AMED, LILACS, and Google Scholar) identified 104 eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The included trials primarily assessed standardized oral turmeric\/curcumin supplements and bioavailability-enhanced formulations rather than whole culinary turmeric. Pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed using random-effects models. Subgroup analyses were conducted by disease category, dose, and formulation. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. Curcumin supplementation significantly reduced fasting blood sugar (SMD = \u22120.54, 95% CI \u22120.72 to \u22120.36) and HbA1c (SMD = \u22120.41, 95% CI \u22120.60 to \u22120.23) in T2DM; decreased triglycerides (SMD = \u22120.48; 95% CI: \u22120.70 to \u22120.25), and LDL cholesterol (SMD = \u22120.39; 95% CI: \u22120.59 to \u22120.18) while elevating HDL cholesterol (SMD = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.25 to 0.65) and total antioxidant capacity (SMD = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.51 to 0.94). Curcuma longa also attenuated systemic inflammation, lowering C-reactive protein (SMD = \u22120.62; 95% CI: \u22120.81 to \u22120.43), TNF-\u03b1 (SMD = \u22120.57; 95% CI: \u22120.80 to \u22120.34), and IL-6 (SMD = \u22120.50; 95% CI: \u22120.70 to \u22120.29). Heterogeneity was moderate-to-high, reflecting some differences in the formulation, dosage, and duration. Collectively, these findings affirm that Curcuma longa exerts measurable, clinically relevant improvements on glycemic regulation, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory\u2212oxidative balance, supporting its role as a nutraceutical adjunct in metabolic health management, while its bioavailability-enhanced formulations show superior efficacy. Larger, long-term, multicenter RCTs are warranted to confirm durability, optimal dosing, and safety.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15010060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T16:41:19Z","timestamp":1766594479000},"page":"60","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Clinical Potential of Curcuma longa Linn. as Nutraceutical\/Dietary Supplement for Metabolic Syndrome: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3768-906X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel Abiodun","family":"Kehinde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Technology Research Group for Vulnerable Populations and School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand"},{"name":"Biochemical\/EnTox Laboratory, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo 211001, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahid Naeem","family":"Qaisrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Technology Research Group for Vulnerable Populations and School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Architecture, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta 87300, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4254-5637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rinrada","family":"Pattanayaiying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Innovation and Professional Chef, Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo Bo","family":"Lay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Technology, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4013-8908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khin Yadanar","family":"Phyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Technology Research Group for Vulnerable Populations and School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4776-3001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wai Phyo","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Technology Research Group for Vulnerable Populations and School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myat Mon","family":"San","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Technology Research Group for Vulnerable Populations and School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nurulhusna","family":"Awaeloh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thai Faculty of Allied Health Science, Nakhon Ratchasima College, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5025-4590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sasithon","family":"Aunsorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Technology Research Group for Vulnerable Populations and School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8409-1677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ran","family":"Kitkangplu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Technology Research Group for Vulnerable Populations and School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7365-6890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sasitorn","family":"Chusri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Technology Research Group for Vulnerable Populations and School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6323","article-title":"Metabolic benefits of curcumin supplementation in patients with metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"33","author":"Azhdari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phytother. 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