{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:34:41Z","timestamp":1787776481454,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22374061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22374061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The extensive use of sulfathiazole in poultry farming has raised growing concerns regarding its residues in poultry-derived products, posing risks to human health and food safety. To overcome the limitations of conventional detection methods and address the analytical challenges posed by inherent complexity of chicken blood matrix for the detection of sulfathiazole residues in chicken blood, a rapid and sensitive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) method was developed for detecting sulfathiazole residues in chicken blood. Four colloidal substrates, i.e., gold colloid A, gold colloid B, gold colloid C, and silver colloids, were synthesized and evaluated for their SERS enhancement capabilities. Key parameters, including electrolyte type (NaCl solution), colloidal substrate type (gold colloid A), volume of gold colloid A (550 \u03bcL), volume of NaCl solution (60 \u03bcL), and adsorption time (14 min), were systematically optimized to maximize SERS intensities at 1157 cm\u22121. Furthermore, a genetic algorithm-support vector regression (GA-SVR) model integrated with adaptive iteratively reweighted penalized least squares (air-PLS) and multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) preprocessing demonstrated superior predictive performance with a prediction set coefficient of determination (R2p) value of 0.9278 and a root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 3.1552. The proposed method demonstrated high specificity, minimal matrix interference, and robustness, making it suitable for reliable detection of sulfathiazole residues in chicken blood and compliant with global food safety requirements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15010134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T09:18:56Z","timestamp":1767345536000},"page":"134","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Optimization of SERS Detection for Sulfathiazole Residues in Chicken Blood Using GA-SVR"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Gaoliang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"},{"name":"Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianyan","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"},{"name":"College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinhui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.11.010","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of antibiotics residues in edible fish muscle using eco-friendly SPE-UPLC-MS\/MS: Occurrence, human dietary exposure and health risk assessment for consumer safety","volume":"10","author":"Shaaban","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxicol. 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