{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T03:35:37Z","timestamp":1789011337700,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"\u201cCooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development\u201d Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea","award":["RS-2024-00322408"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00322408"]}]},{"name":"\u201cthe Key Country-Focused Technology Research and Development Cooperation Project of Yancheng\u201d Yancheng City Science and Technology Bureau, China","award":["Ycgh2025004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ycgh2025004"]}]},{"name":"\u201cthe Major\/General Basic Research Project of the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions\u201d Jiangsu Provincial Department of Education, China","award":["24KJA530004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24KJA530004"]}]},{"name":"\u201cthe Major\/General Basic Research Project of the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions\u201d Jiangsu Provincial Department of Education, China","award":["25KJB550012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25KJB550012"]}]},{"name":"\u201cthe Key Research Project (Agriculture) of Yancheng\u201d Yancheng City Science and Technology Bureau, China","award":["YCBN202408"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YCBN202408"]}]},{"name":"\u201cthe School-level Research Projects of the Yancheng Institute of Technology\u201d Science and Technology Department of Yancheng Institute of Technology, China","award":["xjr2023046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["xjr2023046"]}]},{"name":"\u201cthe School-level Research Projects of the Yancheng Institute of Technology\u201d Science and Technology Department of Yancheng Institute of Technology, China","award":["xjr2024017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["xjr2024017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an endocrine\u2013metabolic disorder characterized by pancreatic islet dysfunction-induced hyperglycemia, which triggers hepatic injury, intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, and systemic complications. Fagopyrum tararicum seeds exhibit various biological activities, including antioxidant, hypolipidemic, and antihypertensive effects. However, there is limited research exploring how supernatants derived from the water extraction\u2013ethanol precipitation of Fagopyrum tararicum seeds (SWEPFT) modulate the intestinal microbiota and their potential link to T2DM. This study evaluates SWEPFT\u2019s effects on hyperglycemia and intestinal microbiota in T2DM mice. After a 4-week therapeutic period, SWEPFT markedly ameliorated hyperglycemia, as evidenced by reduced body weight (BW), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and glycated serum protein (GSP) and improved insulin sensitivity\/resistance indicators (HOMA-IS\/IR) and \u03b2-cell function (HOMA-\u03b2). Furthermore, the levels of both Akt1 and Slc2a2 transcription displayed notable enhancement. SWEPFT-H (high-dose SWEPFT) exhibited superior effects to SWEPFT-L (low-dose SWEPFT) in improving BW, FBG, and HOMA-IS. Moreover, SWEPFT modulated the intestinal microbiota by decreasing the Firmicutes\/Bacteroidetes ratio, augmenting the proportion of Intestinimonas and Ruminiclostridium, and increasing the short-chain fatty acid content. A correlation analysis identified Candidatus_Arthromitus, Anaeroplasma, Candidatus_Stoquefichus, and Harryflintia as potential T2DM biomarkers linked to glycemic regulation. These findings elucidate SWEPFT\u2019s critical role in microbiota modulation and hyperglycemia alleviation, providing a novel perspective for T2DM pathogenesis research and therapeutic development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15010143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T09:18:56Z","timestamp":1767345536000},"page":"143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Supernatants from Water Extraction\u2014Ethanol Precipitation of Fagopyrum tararicum Seeds Enhance T2DM Management in Mice by Regulating Intestinal Microbial Communities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3300-6711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Ge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Exploration and Utilization of Marine Wetland Biological Resources, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0294-6740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoxuan","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China"},{"name":"Coastal Agriculture Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaolin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuchang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuting","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiqi","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ligen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Exploration and Utilization of Marine Wetland Biological Resources, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Exploration and Utilization of Marine Wetland Biological Resources, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Exploration and Utilization of Marine Wetland Biological Resources, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4812-6297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyung-Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coastal Agriculture Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Exploration and Utilization of Marine Wetland Biological Resources, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70033","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.70033","article-title":"Laminaria japonica polysaccharide protects against liver and kidney injury in diabetes mellitus through the AhR\/CD36 pathway","volume":"90","author":"Xue","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. 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