{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T16:13:50Z","timestamp":1776356030455,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Pang Guofang academician workstation in Yunnan Province","award":["202305AF150015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202305AF150015"]}]},{"name":"The special project for building science and technology innovation centers based on South Asia and Southeast Asian","award":["202403AP140028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202403AP140028"]}]},{"name":"Project on the evaluation of agricultural product quality specifications and nutritional functions","award":["GF-TSPZ-2024005-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GF-TSPZ-2024005-2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The flavor and aroma of kiwifruit are largely influenced by the concentration of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). To analyze the volatile profiles and identify characteristic aroma compounds, this study utilized Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry (GC-IMS) to analyze the aromatic compounds sourced from seven major production regions in China and New Zealand, covering red-, green-, and yellow-fleshed varieties. A total of 77 VOCs were identified, with esters, aldehydes, and ketones as the dominant classes. Significant regional and varietal differences were observed: red-fleshed kiwifruits from Yunnan exhibited high levels of 2-Vinyl-5-methylfuran, Ethyl formate, and 1-Penten-3-one; green-fleshed fruits from Shaanxi were rich in Limonene and Methyl hexanoate, and those from Yunnan were rich in 1-Propanol and 1-Hexanol; and yellow-fleshed fruits from Henan were characterized by Methyl salicylate and 3-Hydroxy-2-butanone. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) successfully classified kiwifruits by origin and variety, confirming the stability and predictive power of the model (Q2Y &gt; 0.97). This study also elucidated the key metabolic pathways\u2014including lipid oxidation, amino acid degradation, and terpenoid metabolism\u2014underlying the formation of these characteristic VOCs. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for the biochemical regulation of kiwifruit flavor and support the development of origin-tracing and quality-assessment tools based on VOC fingerprints.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15010152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T08:40:53Z","timestamp":1767602453000},"page":"152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Characterization of Volatile Profile of Different Kiwifruits (Actinidia chinensis Planch) Varieties and Regions by Headspace-Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6092-9151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lijuan","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technique, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanan","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technique, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jialiang","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture Inspection and Testing Institute, Dali 671000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Jiahui Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Kunming 650200, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dacheng","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Jiahui Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Kunming 650200, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weixiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Jiahui Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Kunming 650200, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongcheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technique, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanping","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technique, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"101","article-title":"Analysis of the Development of the Global Kiwifruit Industry and Trends in Fresh Fruit Trade","volume":"07","author":"Zhong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin. 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