{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T23:20:35Z","timestamp":1781738435891,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, single-cell oil (SCO) production from waste sunflower oil was optimized using Yarrowia lipolytica IFP29 (ATCC 20460). Optimizations were performed via a multi-response approach based on the Taguchi orthogonal array design (L16), targeting maximum biomass concentration and lipid content (based on dry cell weight). A total of 16 experimental conditions were tested with five key parameters: nitrogen concentration (0, 1, 2, and 4 g\/L), WCO concentration (20, 40, 60, and 80 g\/L), Tween 80 content (0, 0.5, 1, and 2%) as well as the application of sonication and sterilization. Analysis of variance revealed that all tested factors, except Tween 80 and sonication, had statistically significant effects on lipid content (p &lt; 0.05). The highest lipid content (72.86% of dry cell weight) was obtained in a sterilized, sonicated medium containing 80 g\/L WCO and 2% Tween 80, under conditions without nitrogen supplementation. In contrast, maximum biomass production (4.18 g\/L) was achieved in sterile cultures with high nitrogen (4%) and high WCO (80 g\/L) in the absence of Tween 80 and sonication. Palmitic acid (C16:0) content was also successfully optimized, with nitrogen concentration and Tween 80 supplementation exerting a statistically significant effect (p &lt; 0.05). These results highlight the potential of waste sunflower oil as a low-cost feedstock for SCO production and support the development of economically and environmentally sustainable bioprocesses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15020290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T11:42:58Z","timestamp":1768304578000},"page":"290","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Waste Sunflower Oil as a Feedstock for Efficient Single-Cell Oil and Biomass Production by Yarrowia lipolytica"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1898-0428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bilge","family":"Say\u0131n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, School of Tourism and Hotel Management, Ardahan University, Ardahan 75002, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16711","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399-021-02165-7","article-title":"A facile one-pot bioconversion of frying oil waste to single cell oils and related products using fungi via response surface methodology","volume":"13","author":"Hashem","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomass Convers. 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