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However, its role in genetically induced hyperlipidemia remains unclear. This study systematically evaluated the effects of Dade-CVS (DD-CVS) and Hengshun-CVS (HS-CVS) on apolipoprotein-E-deficient (Apoe\u2212\/\u2212) mice. Both CVS varieties significantly improve certain serological parameters of Apoe\u2212\/\u2212 mice, although the overall impact on serum indicators remains limited. Nevertheless, 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that CVS treatment reshaped gut microbial communities to a notable extent. Compared with the Apoe\u2212\/\u2212 mice, the DD-CVS treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of Dubosiella while reducing the genus Desulfovibrio, whereas the HS-CVS treatment inhibited the growth of Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia. The pathways predicted in the KO-DD group included vitamin, amino acid, and energy metabolism, while HS-CVS treatment was associated with bile acid biosynthesis and energy pathways. Metabolomic analysis showed that several key metabolites, including N1-acetylspermidine, succinic acid, and 25-hydroxycholesterol, were significantly altered following CVS supplementation. Correlation analysis revealed significant associations between serum indicators and these metabolites. Alistipes, Enterorhabdus, and Romboutsia were also correlated with serum indicators. Overall, these findings indicate that CVS primarily modulated the gut microbiota\u2013metabolite axis and partial lipid modulation in hyperlipidemic mice. The study provides a reference for studies on the beneficial functions of CVS in hyperlipidemia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15030427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T12:41:16Z","timestamp":1769431276000},"page":"427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cereal Vinegar Sediment Modulates the Gut Microbiota\u2013Metabolite Axis Associated with Hyperlipidemia in Apoe\u2212\/\u2212 Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Wenhui","family":"Duan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8441-9604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qijie","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6339-8579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yilin","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8514-3112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin-Song","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng-Hong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingyue","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuzheng","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengcheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8861-7686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guan, Q., Gong, T., Lu, Z.-M., Geng, Y., Duan, W., Ren, Y.-L., Zhang, X.-J., Chai, L.-J., Shi, J.-S., and Xu, Z.-H. 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