{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T06:03:16Z","timestamp":1782280996519,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Canadian International Innovation Program","award":["988429"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["988429"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003052","name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["P0019158"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0019158"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2023-00263064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00263064"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is a rich source of \u03b1-linolenic acid (ALA) and lignans but contains toxic cyanogenic glycosides (CGs) that limit its application in foods. This study investigated the efficacy of a specialized Lactobacillaceae consortium in detoxifying flaxseed and the subsequent effects of adding this cyanogenic glycoside-depleted flaxseed (CGDF) to a kimchi matrix. Ground flaxseed and CGDF were added to the kimchi seasoning mixture at concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% (w\/w) and fermented at 4 \u00b0C for 8 weeks. Analytical results confirmed that the fermentation process reduced linustatin and neolinustatin to undetectable levels (&lt;500 mg\/kg) and reduced total hydrogen cyanide (HCN) to below the Japanese regulatory limit of 10 mg\/kg established under the Food Sanitation Act. During fermentation, CGDF-supplemented groups exhibited a delayed decrease in pH and higher retention of free sugars and vitamin C compared to the control and raw flaxseed groups. Notably, the 2.0% CGDF group maintained high oxidative stability of ALA, which we attribute to a putative antioxidant protection mechanism driven by the bioconversion of lignan glycosides into bioactive aglycones. These findings suggest that incorporating biologically detoxified flaxseed into kimchi creates a functional food system that ensures safety while enhancing nutritional stability. Overall, this work provides foundational evidence for developing safe, nutritionally enhanced functional foods within the One Health framework, integrating food safety, microbial ecology, and improved bioactive compound availability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15040632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T09:16:08Z","timestamp":1770801368000},"page":"632","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Kimchi Fermentation-Driven Detoxification of Flaxseed: Impact on Physicochemical Quality and Antioxidant Potential"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Song Chan","family":"Oh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung-Jin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Science R&D Center, Kolmar BNH Co., Ltd., Seoul 06800, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Food Regulatory Science, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianheng","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suk Nam","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Resources, Daegu University, Daegu 38453, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3533-9488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin J. T.","family":"Reaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada"},{"name":"Prairie Tide Diversified Inc., Saskatoon, SK S7J 0R1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1447-7857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young Jun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Food Regulatory Science, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5039-8219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youn Young","family":"Shim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada"},{"name":"Prairie Tide Diversified Inc., Saskatoon, SK S7J 0R1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-013-1247-9","article-title":"Flax and flaxseed oil: An ancient medicine & modern functional food","volume":"51","author":"Goyal","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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