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Therefore, this study evaluated whether this immunomodulatory bacterium protects against Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-mediated acute hepatitis induced by poly(I:C), and whether this effect depends on mucosal adhesion. BALB\/c mice received the wild-type CRL1505 strain or the \u0394mbf CRL1505 mutant lacking the mucus-binding factor gene prior to poly(I:C) challenge. Liver injury, serum transaminases, and hepatic expression of interferons (IFNs), antiviral factors, inflammatory mediators, and regulatory cytokines were evaluated 48 h later. Poly(I:C) challenge induced acute hepatitis characterized by increased ALT\/AST levels, leukocyte infiltration, and elevated hepatic IFNs and proinflammatory cytokines. The CRL1505 strain administration significantly reduced TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, and IL-6 while enhancing IFNs, antiviral factors, and the regulatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-27, resulting in improved transaminase levels and attenuated liver damage. Notably, the \u0394mbf CRL1505 mutant conferred protection comparable to the wild-type strain. These findings demonstrate that L. rhamnosus CRL1505 exerts immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective effects during TLR3-driven hepatitis and that mbf-mediated adhesion is not required for this protection. Overall, CRL1505 emerges as a promising preventive strategy to enhance antiviral defenses and limit inflammation-associated liver injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15061034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T08:41:26Z","timestamp":1773650486000},"page":"1034","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 Ameliorates Liver Injury and Inflammation in Poly(I:C)-Induced Acute Hepatitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6639-2965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9","family":"Lorenzo Pisarello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucuman 4000, Tucuman, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3862-4586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayelen Antonella","family":"Baillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucuman 4000, Tucuman, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariano","family":"Elean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucuman 4000, Tucuman, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8216-2190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo","family":"Albarrac\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Respiratory Immunology (LaRI), Division of Animal Immunology and Omics, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan"},{"name":"Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0883-3747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciano","family":"Arellano-Arriagada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Respiratory Immunology (LaRI), Division of Animal Immunology and Omics, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan"},{"name":"Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshihito","family":"Suda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food, Agriculture and Environment, Miyagi University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4586-5553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haruki","family":"Kitazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan"},{"name":"Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4941-4960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julio","family":"Villena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Respiratory Immunology (LaRI), Division of Animal Immunology and Omics, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.13750","article-title":"Probiotic Lactobacillus casei Shirota Prevents Acute Liver Injury by Reshaping the Gut Microbiota to Alleviate Excessive Inflammation and Metabolic Disorders","volume":"15","author":"Yan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microb. 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