{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T03:14:02Z","timestamp":1793416442975,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ready-to-eat (RTE) fresh salads are widely consumed for their convenience and nutritional value, but they could represent a relevant food safety concern, as they do not undergo a lethal heat treatment before consumption, and furthermore, they may support the growth of Listeria monocytogenes during refrigerated storage. In this study, the growth potential of L. monocytogenes was evaluated by standardised challenge tests in five commercially available RTE salads: crispy lettuce, baby lettuce, a baby lettuce\u2013spicy mustard mix, and two m\u00e2che products from different producers. Three different batches for each product were inoculated with a three-strain cocktail of L. monocytogenes at a target level of approximately 2\u20133 log CFU\/g and stored under conditions simulating reasonably foreseeable refrigerated storage (7 \u00b0C for approximately two-thirds of their shelf life, followed by 10 \u00b0C for the remaining one-third), in accordance with ISO 20976-1 and EURL L. monocytogenes guidelines. The growth potential (\u0394) was calculated as the difference between the highest mean L. monocytogenes concentration observed during storage and the mean of the initial concentration at time zero, both in three replicate samples; \u0394max was defined as the highest \u0394 value among the tested batches. Crispy lettuce, baby lettuce, and the mixed salad supported the growth of L. monocytogenes, with \u0394max values of 2.33, 2.60, and 3.65 log CFU\/g, respectively. In contrast, both m\u00e2che products showed \u0394max values \u2264 0.5 log CFU\/g, indicating an inability to support pathogen growth under the tested conditions. These results demonstrate that the growth potential of L. monocytogenes in RTE salads is strongly product-specific and likely influenced by intrinsic characteristics and background microbiota, as well as by storage temperature. The findings underline the importance of strict temperature control and product-specific risk assessment to ensure compliance with microbiological criteria throughout shelf life and to mitigate the risk of listeriosis associated with RTE salads.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15071136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T13:37:15Z","timestamp":1774532235000},"page":"1136","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Safety of Ready-to-Eat Green Leafy Salads: Growth Potential of Listeria monocytogenes During Shelf Life"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3488-6723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad-Ehtesham","family":"Abdul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell\u2019Emilia-Romagna \u201cBruno Ubertini\u201d, 25124 Brescia, Italy"},{"name":"Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering, and Mathematics (DICATAM), University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9104-3940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Cipriani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell\u2019Emilia-Romagna \u201cBruno Ubertini\u201d, 25124 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4960-7017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Cosciani-Cunico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell\u2019Emilia-Romagna \u201cBruno Ubertini\u201d, 25124 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Monastero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell\u2019Emilia-Romagna \u201cBruno Ubertini\u201d, 25124 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Ducoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell\u2019Emilia-Romagna \u201cBruno Ubertini\u201d, 25124 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Norton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell\u2019Emilia-Romagna \u201cBruno Ubertini\u201d, 25124 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Merigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell\u2019Emilia-Romagna \u201cBruno Ubertini\u201d, 25124 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4367-0381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Pavoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell\u2019Emilia-Romagna \u201cBruno Ubertini\u201d, 25124 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5494-2544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guido","family":"Finazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell\u2019Emilia-Romagna \u201cBruno Ubertini\u201d, 25124 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina-Nadia","family":"Losio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell\u2019Emilia-Romagna \u201cBruno Ubertini\u201d, 25124 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9457-5080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Dalzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell\u2019Emilia-Romagna \u201cBruno Ubertini\u201d, 25124 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mishra, H.N., Kumar, P., and Singh, A. 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