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This study explored the mechanism of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus CGMCC 21287 or Lacticaseibacillus casei CGMCC 15956 fermented milk for alleviating acute alcoholic liver injury. We found that fermented milk was associated with reduced activation of TLR4\/NF-\u03baB pathways, alleviating alcohol-induced liver inflammation. Meanwhile, the two probiotics regulated different intestinal microbial communities in mice. The LC group specifically increased the abundance of probiotics such as Roseburia, unidentified_Lachnospiraceae, and Allobaculum, and decreased the abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as Enterococcus and Shigella. The LB group increased the abundance of Adlercreutzia and Ruminococcus, thereby increasing butyric acid, acetic acid, and valeric acid levels and decreasing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) production. These results suggest that daily intake of fermented milk can attenuate alcohol-induced acute liver injury in mice via the gut\u2013liver axis, though differences exist in the mechanisms of action and areas of emphasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15071260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T12:03:47Z","timestamp":1775563427000},"page":"1260","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Alcohol-Induced Acute Liver Disease in Mice: A Comparison of the Preventive Effects of Fermented Milk from Lactobacillus delbrueckii Subsp. bulgaricus or Lacticaseibacillus casei"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Mingzhen","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Food Microbiology and Nutritional of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"},{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weimei","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Food Microbiology and Nutritional of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3607-6440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Food Microbiology and Nutritional of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqun","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Food Microbiology and Nutritional of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxing","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Food Microbiology and Nutritional of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"},{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daodong","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Food Microbiology and Nutritional of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2019.07.033","article-title":"Determination of the effects of torularhodin against alcoholic liver diseases by transcriptome analysis","volume":"143","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Free Radic. 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