{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T21:54:15Z","timestamp":1784238855764,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Programa Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Estudios Avanzados del Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n Tecnol\u00f3gica, PROCIENCIA-CONCYTEC","award":["Contract N\u00b0 PE501082412-2023-PROCIENCIA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Contract N\u00b0 PE501082412-2023-PROCIENCIA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study evaluated the iron-chelating capacity (ICC) of Lupinus mutabilis protein hydrolysate (LMPH) and its peptide fractions obtained through ultrafiltration and purification by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) and gel filtration chromatography (GFC). Peptides were identified by LC-MS\/MS, and their interactions with Fe2+ were analysed using molecular docking. LMPH was produced by enzymatic hydrolysis with Alcalase and subsequently subjected to ultrafiltration to concentrate peptides smaller than 2 kDa. This fraction exhibited higher ICC (35.1 mg Fe2+\u00b7g\u22121) than the hydrolysate (22.75 mg Fe2+\u00b7g\u22121). Sequential purification by IMAC and GFC yielded peptide fractions with enhanced ICC values (45.20 and 13.51 mg Fe2+\u00b7g\u22121). A total of 176 peptides were identified by de novo LC-MS\/MS sequencing, from which nine were selected based on favourable structure\u2013ICC relationships and absence of predicted toxicity. Molecular docking analysis suggested spatial proximity between Fe2+ and the selected peptides. Although stable multi-site binding was not predicted under the applied computational model, the results support the potential of these sequences to interact with Fe2+. These findings provide molecular and chemical insights supporting the iron-binding potential of LMPH-derived peptides and highlight their future potential as functional ingredients for preventing and managing iron deficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15081318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T10:20:16Z","timestamp":1775816416000},"page":"1318","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Discovery of Iron-Chelating Peptides from Lupinus mutabilis via Integrated Purification and In Silico Validation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5621-5340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zayra","family":"Vila-Santill\u00e1n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Research Group on Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Av. La Molina, La Molina, Lima 12056, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1722-1187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Research Group on Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Av. La Molina, La Molina, Lima 12056, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Aguilar-Galvez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Research Group on Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Av. La Molina, La Molina, Lima 12056, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastien","family":"Carpentier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioversity International, Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Facility for Systems Biology Based Mass Spectrometry SYBIOMA, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1829-7696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thom\u00e1s Valente de","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Engenharia Qu\u00edmica, Universidade de Uberl\u00e2ndia, Patos de Minas 38701-270, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9927-2919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romina","family":"Pedreschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Agronom\u00eda, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso (PUCV), Calle San Francisco s\/n, La Palma, Quillota 2260000, Chile"},{"name":"Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CRG), Santiago 8320000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9045-7471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosana","family":"Chirinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Research Group on Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Av. La Molina, La Molina, Lima 12056, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03624-8","article-title":"Global, regional and national burden of dietary iron deficiency from 1990 to 2021: A Global Burden of Disease study","volume":"31","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4504","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2021.1876623","article-title":"Iron supplementation and iron-fortified foods: A review","volume":"62","author":"Man","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. 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