{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T04:03:56Z","timestamp":1793765036521,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":186,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Plant foods have been the cornerstone of human diets since ancient times, fueling civilization and shaping cultures. Plants became central to sustainable food systems, offering diverse and nutritious options for the future. Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) has attracted growing scientific interest due to the presence of bioactive compounds, polyphenols, fatty acids, phytosterols, carotenoids, vitamins, and minerals in its fruit, seeds, and leaves. Moreover, sea buckthorn exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, anticancer, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and metabolic regulatory properties supported by in vitro and in vivo models. The biological activity of these phytochemical compounds plays a crucial role in regulating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase\/protein kinase B (PI3K\/Akt) signaling pathways, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Furthermore, its potential against microbial growth, including S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. intermedius, and S. pyogenes, among others, not only expands its applications in the pharmaceutical industry but also attracts researchers to incorporate it into food products. This could lead to the discovery of plant-based therapeutic products without significant adverse effects. However, further exploration of each component\u2019s potential side effects is necessary to support the commercialization of formulated products in either the pharmaceutical or food industries, ensuring the highest safety standards for consumers. Including studies on bioavailability and pharmacodynamics could further strengthen the scientific evidence supporting the specific phytochemicals in sea buckthorn and their mechanistic interactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15081389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T11:35:42Z","timestamp":1776339342000},"page":"1389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.): Nutritional Significance, Phytochemistry, Molecular Mechanisms, Therapeutic Potential, and Emerging Applications in Food Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Nazish","family":"Javaid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adnan","family":"Amjad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3888-0931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralf","family":"Weiskirchen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7154-3411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asad","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shehnshah","family":"Zafar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohibullah","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Sameem","family":"Javed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khurram","family":"Afzal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umrah","family":"Zafar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Israr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.41.2.10264","article-title":"Frequency and pattern of dyslipidemia and its association with other risk factors among Type-2 Diabetics","volume":"41","author":"Muhammad","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pak. 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