{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:56:29Z","timestamp":1785426989202,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100024597","name":"Office of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RGNS 64-124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGNS 64-124"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100024597","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["RGNS 64-124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGNS 64-124"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05mcs2t73","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Pigmented rice is increasingly recognized as a functional food because of its rich phytochemical composition and health-promoting potential. However, local red rice cultivars from the three southern border provinces of Thailand remain insufficiently characterized. This study comparatively evaluated four whole-grain red rice cultivars\u2014Hawm Gra Dang Ngah 59 (HGDN 59), Hawm Mue Lau (HML), Lued Pla Lai (LPL), and Se Bu Kan Tang (SBKT)\u2014for their chemical composition, antioxidant activities, and antidiabetic potential. Methods: Whole-grain rice samples were extracted with 95% ethanol and assessed for extraction yield, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content. Antioxidant activity was measured using DPPH\u2022, FRAP, and anti-lipid peroxidation assays, while antidiabetic activity was measured using \u03b1-amylase and \u03b1-glucosidase inhibition assays. LC-MS\/MS-based chemical profiling, pathway classification, PCA-based chemical space analysis, molecular docking against \u03b1-glucosidase, and physicochemical\/ADMET prediction were also performed. Results: Among the tested cultivars, HGDN 59 showed the most favorable overall profile, with the highest phenolic content, strongest antioxidant activity, and marked \u03b1-glucosidase inhibitory activity. LC-MS\/MS analysis combined with docking-based screening revealed that HGDN 59 contained several abundant compounds, including ent-Epicatechin-(4\u03b1\u21926)-ent-epicatechin, cinnamtannin A1, apiin, and \u03b1-tocotrienol. These compounds exhibited strong binding affinities toward \u03b1-glucosidase (\u221210.7 to \u22129.6 kcal\/mol), comparable to or slightly more favorable than acarbose. ADMET prediction indicated that most polyphenolic compounds exceeded Lipinski\u2019s rule of five, while \u03b1-tocotrienol demonstrated favorable absorption property. Conclusions: This is the first study to suggest that HGDN 59 exhibits potential \u03b1-glucosidase inhibitory activity in vitro and may serve as a promising functional food candidate for the dietary management of postprandial glycemic response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15091534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T15:09:33Z","timestamp":1777388973000},"page":"1534","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Chemical Profiling, Antioxidant Activity, and Antidiabetic Potential of Four Whole-Grain Red Rice Cultivars from Three Southern Border Provinces of Thailand: An In Vitro and In Silico Investigation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4737-1680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pornpen","family":"Panomwan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Princess of Naradhiwas University, Narathiwat 96000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1279-2669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawika","family":"Mahasawat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science and Technology, Songkhla Rajabhat University, Songkhla 90000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ittipat","family":"Meewan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suebpong","family":"Pruttipattanapong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7623-854X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nateelak","family":"Kooltheat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand"},{"name":"Hematology and Transfusion Science Research Center, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3391-2749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thanawat","family":"Pitakpornpreecha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Natural Rubber Latex Biotechnology Research and Innovation Development, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9863-0734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunita","family":"Makchuchit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Applied Thai Traditional Medicine Research (CEATMR), Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arunporn","family":"Itharat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Applied Thai Traditional Medicine Research (CEATMR), Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fekete, M., Lehoczki, A., Kryczyk-Poprawa, A., Zabo, V., Varga, J.T., Balint, M., Fazekas-Pongor, V., Csipo, T., Rzasa-Duran, E., and Varga, P. 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