{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T20:41:44Z","timestamp":1788295304624,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical University of Plovdiv","award":["DPDP 6\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DPDP 6\/2021"]}]},{"award":["DPDP 6\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DPDP 6\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02kzxd152","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nigella sativa cold-pressed oil (NSO) is rich in nutrients and biologically active compounds. This study aimed to evaluate its effects on symptoms and serum levels of inflammatory and disease activity markers in rats with Freund\u2019s adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA). Animals were treated orally with NSO at doses of 1 and 3 mL\/kg for two weeks before arthritis induction and throughout the experiment. Hind paw edema and nociceptive thresholds were measured by plethysmometer, Hargreaves apparatus, and Randall\u2013Selitto test, respectively. At the end of the experiment, TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, IL-10, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and neuropeptide Y (NPY) serum levels were measured. NSO preventive administration significantly reduced paw edema of the affected hind paw, along with an increase in the nociceptive threshold to both thermal and mechanical stimuli. Administration of NSO resulted in a significant reduction in serum levels of IL-1\u03b2 and NPY (p &lt; 0.01 and p &lt; 0.05, respectively), while TNF-\u03b1 and IL-10 levels remained comparable to those in the untreated AIA control group. These findings indicate that NSO exerts anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects and modulates circulating IL-1\u03b2 and NPY (an independent marker associated with disease activity) in experimental arthritis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15091554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T10:47:28Z","timestamp":1777546048000},"page":"1554","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Nigella sativa Oil Supplementation Ameliorates Symptoms and Reduces Disease Progression Biomarkers in Rats with Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8472-2849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anita","family":"Mihaylova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vassil Aprilov Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"},{"name":"Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vassil Aprilov Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"},{"name":"PERIMED-2, BG16RFPR002-1.014-0007, Central District, 15A Vasil Aprilov Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5978-6237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"Doncheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vassil Aprilov Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"},{"name":"Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vassil Aprilov Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"},{"name":"PERIMED-2, BG16RFPR002-1.014-0007, Central District, 15A Vasil Aprilov Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8173-3972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"Katsarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vassil Aprilov Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"},{"name":"Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vassil Aprilov Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0023-5753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Vlasheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vassil Aprilov Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4120-8361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radoslav","family":"Tashev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vassil Aprilov Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology \u201cProf. Elissay Yanev\u201d, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vasil Aprilov Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petya","family":"Gardjeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vassil Aprilov Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology \u201cProf. Elissay Yanev\u201d, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vasil Aprilov Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"},{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology, University Hospital St. George, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5831-2574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stela","family":"Dimitrova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vassil Aprilov Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"},{"name":"Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vassil Aprilov Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2397-0988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilia","family":"Kostadinov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vassil Aprilov Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vassil Aprilov Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, 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