{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T03:24:15Z","timestamp":1794453855723,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hungarian Ministry of Culture and Innovation, national fund for research, development and innovation","award":["EK\u00d6P-24-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EK\u00d6P-24-1"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020916","name":"E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd Research Network","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["SA-27\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SA-27\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020916","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["SA-27\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SA-27\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04w6pnc49","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office","award":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00001"]}]},{"name":"Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office","award":["NKFIH PD 147156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NKFIH PD 147156"]}]},{"award":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00001"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03g2am276","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["NKFIH PD 147156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NKFIH PD 147156"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03g2am276","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The formation of biofilms by Salmonella is of considerable interest to the food production and medical industries. This study investigated the effects of a carrier medium (Luria\u2013Bertani, Mueller\u2013Hinton II, Brain Heart Infusion or chicken meat juice), temperature (14 \u00b0C, 23 \u00b0C or 37 \u00b0C) and surface type (adhesive, non-adhesive or suspension plate) on biofilm formation in 16 different Salmonella isolates belonging to the serovars S. Enteritidis (five isolates), S. Infantis (five isolates) and S. Typhimurium (six isolates). Chicken meat juice was found to have a moderate yet balanced supportive effect, while Mueller\u2013Hinton II (MH-II) medium drastically supported biofilm formation at low temperatures, albeit with significant variation among the isolates. Temperature and medium also affected the antibacterial, biofilm inhibitory and destructive effects of essential oils. At 14 \u00b0C and 23 \u00b0C, 35% of essential oils exhibited antibacterial activity against Salmonella serovars at a concentration of 0.1%, as determined by the drop plate method. Ajowan, thyme, orange, clove and oregano EOs completely inhibited biofilm formation at a concentration of 0.1%. More than half of the 60 essential oils tested reduced the optical density of mature biofilms (OD: 0.15\u20130.36) to below 0.05; ajowan, lime, palmarosa, thyme, oregano and clove were the most effective, exhibiting antibacterial, biofilm inhibitory and biofilm destructive effects on all of the investigated Salmonella isolates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15091574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:15:02Z","timestamp":1777853702000},"page":"1574","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Factors Influencing Biofilm Formation of Salmonella spp. and the Biofilm-Degrading Potential of Essential Oils"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1336-2336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anita","family":"Seres-Steinbach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e9ter","family":"Szab\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geology and Meteorology, Faculty of Sciences, University of P\u00e9cs, Ifj\u00fas\u00e1g Str. 6, H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Environmental Analytical and Geoanalytical Research Group, Szent\u00e1gothai Research Center, Ifj\u00fas\u00e1g Str. 20., H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikt\u00f3ria","family":"Bal\u00e1zs Lilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of P\u00e9cs, H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eszter","family":"Riethm\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweiss University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7406-8935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ama","family":"Szmolka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hung\u00e1ria Krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kriszti\u00e1n","family":"B\u00e1nyai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4424-7585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gy\u00f6rgy","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-018-1510-4","article-title":"Virulence factors in Salmonella Typhimurium: The sagacity of a bacterium","volume":"76","author":"Ferrari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. 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