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(EFPT) and systematically evaluated its nutritional profile and antidiabetic effects in a type 2 diabetes mellitus (TIIDM) mouse model. After 8 days of fermentation, the contents of pectin (9.001% vs. 4.222%) and water-soluble polysaccharides (13.339% vs. 4.826%) increased significantly (p &lt; 0.05), whereas the levels of polyphenols (12.12% vs. 15.917%) and soluble proteins (3.829% vs. 5.797%) decreased (p &lt; 0.05). Notable alterations were also observed in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), monosaccharide composition, and amino acid profiles. Specifically, the levels of propionic acid, histidine, threonine, serine, glycine, lysine, glutamic acid, and methionine decreased significantly (p &lt; 0.05), while those of butyric acid, valeric acid, galactose, valine, alanine, and proline increased (p &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, EFPT exhibited dose-dependent antidiabetic effects and showed greater efficacy than non-fermented Premna microphylla Turcz. powder in high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin-induced TIIDM mice (p &lt; 0.05). These effects were primarily associated with enhanced SCFAs production and the amelioration of liver and kidney damage. Overall, these findings suggest that Eurotium cristatum fermentation enhances the bioactive properties of Premna microphylla Turcz., contributing to its improved nutritional quality and potent antidiabetic activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15101632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T19:35:43Z","timestamp":1778528143000},"page":"1632","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Fermentation of Premna microphylla Turcz. by Eurotium cristatum Enhanced Its Nutrients and Antidiabetic Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5551-1364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhengwei","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an 710119, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0979-7788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangnan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an 710119, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruzhi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an 710062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an 710062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an 710062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingbin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an 710119, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01655-5","article-title":"Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"400","author":"Ahmad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2011.183","article-title":"The Worldwide Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus\u2014Present and Future Perspectives","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. 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