{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T13:11:16Z","timestamp":1779196276987,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004480","name":"Shanxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202303021221161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202303021221161"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004480","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Initiation Fund for Doctors","award":["2023BK40"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023BK40"]}]},{"name":"Special Project for Basic and Clinical Cooperative Research","award":["2025PY-JL-6-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025PY-JL-6-01"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs","award":["SXInFDL2024-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SXInFDL2024-002"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013317","name":"Shanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202502130501035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202502130501035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013317","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), a principal bioactive constituent of the medicinal and edible herb Radix astragali, exerts protective effects against ulcerative colitis (UC). This study investigated its underlying mechanisms in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis using 16S rRNA sequencing, untargeted fecal metabolomics, and label-free proteomics. AS-IV intervention remodeled intestinal microbiota composition by markedly increasing Akkermansia abundance. Fecal metabolomic analysis revealed enhanced tryptophan (Trp) metabolism and elevated levels of kynurenic acid, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and indole-3-acetic acid, which were significantly positively correlated with Akkermansia abundance. Proteomic analysis further identified Trp metabolism as a key pathway. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and dopa decarboxylase (DDC) were recognized as differentially expressed proteins in colonic tissues. AS-IV ameliorated colitis by downregulating IDO1 expression, while upregulating the expression of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1), DDC, monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), as well as inhibiting NF-\u03baB p65 phosphorylation. Collectively, these findings indicate that AS-IV enhances intestinal barrier function and mitigates colonic inflammation in DSS-induced UC. These beneficial effects are associated with the regulation of host\u2013gut Trp metabolism, altered AhR expression, and suppressed NF-\u03baB p65 activation. This study underscores the potential of AS-IV as a candidate functional food ingredient for the management of UC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15101644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T12:05:22Z","timestamp":1778501122000},"page":"1644","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Astragaloside IV Alleviates DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis by Modulating Host\u2013Gut Tryptophan Metabolism"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Hongxia","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhijun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunmei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic 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