{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T17:29:14Z","timestamp":1785432554003,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hebei Agriculture Research System","award":["HBCT2023100206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HBCT2023100206"]}]},{"award":["HBCT2023100206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HBCT2023100206"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03p5eky76","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department","award":["YJZ2024001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YJZ2024001"]}]},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Team for Green and Efficient Vegetable Industry Technology of Hebei Agricultural University","award":["202501TDK04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202501TDK04"]}]},{"award":["202501TDK04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202501TDK04"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/009fw8j44","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated the effects of different cultivation environments on melon quality development and the underlying metabolic regulatory mechanisms. Using \u2018Yangjiaocui\u2019 and \u2018Boyang 9\u2019 melons, we systematically compared their physicochemical properties, nutritional components, volatile compounds, and metabolites under saline\u2013alkali versus normal conditions, employing an integrated multi-omics analytical model. The results showed that saline\u2013alkali cultivation significantly increased several nutritional components (e.g., soluble solids, vitamin C, flavonoids, and polyphenols) compared to normal conditions. Gas chromatography\u2013ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) detected 36 volatiles, predominantly esters and ketones, with 13 key markers such as isovaleric acid isovaleryl ester and ethyl butyrate, effectively discriminating cultivars and growth origins. Liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (LC-MS) detected 702 metabolites, chiefly organic acids and lipids. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that flavonoid biosynthesis was the most significantly enriched pathway (enrichment factor ~1, extreme significance), with coordinated regulation of tyrosine and phenylalanine metabolism redirecting metabolic flux toward defensive secondary metabolites. In conclusion, our results suggest that saline\u2013alkali cultivation may contribute to improved nutritional profiles, and multi-omics analysis effectively differentiates melon varieties and origins. This study provides a theoretical basis for understanding the quality, flavor, and metabolite profiles of melon under saline\u2013alkali stress, employing a multi-omics approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15101746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T08:50:12Z","timestamp":1778835012000},"page":"1746","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Multi-Omics Integration to Investigate the Effects of Variety and Origin on Volatile and Non-Volatile Metabolites in Melons"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Junzhe","family":"Hua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, No. 2596 Lekai South Street, Baoding 071000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kemin","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, No. 2596 Lekai South Street, Baoding 071000, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Dietary Component Interactions and Precision Nutrition, Baoding 071000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenlong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, No. 2596 Lekai South Street, Baoding 071000, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Dietary Component Interactions and Precision Nutrition, Baoding 071000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zongyang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, No. 2596 Lekai South Street, Baoding 071000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Runhan","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, No. 2596 Lekai South Street, Baoding 071000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, No. 2596 Lekai South Street, Baoding 071000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liyan","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Qing County, Cangzhou 062650, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaxin","family":"Sang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, No. 2596 Lekai South Street, Baoding 071000, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Dietary Component Interactions and Precision Nutrition, Baoding 071000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0833-334X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianghong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, No. 2596 Lekai South Street, Baoding 071000, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Dietary Component Interactions and Precision Nutrition, Baoding 071000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stress.2025.101070","article-title":"Integrated physiological, transcriptome and metabolome analysis revealed the response mechanisms of melon to Podosphaera xanthii","volume":"18","author":"Cao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Stress"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jia.2024.11.004","article-title":"Identification and molecular marker development for peel color gene in melon (Cucumis melo L.)","volume":"24","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. 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