{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:31:08Z","timestamp":1785429068267,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002842","name":"Chiang Mai University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["207638"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["207638"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002842","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["207638"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["207638"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05m2fqn25","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017170","name":"Thailand Science Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["FRB680102\/0162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRB680102\/0162"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017170","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["FRB680102\/0162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRB680102\/0162"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/000025p04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007288","name":"Mahasarakham University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007288","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0453j3c58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Modulation of cholesterol metabolism and reduction in serum cholesterol are key strategies for preventing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Functional foods enriched with dietary fiber and phytochemicals have attracted increasing attention for their potential health benefits. In this study, milk tablets containing kale and carrot (KC) were developed and preliminarily evaluated for their cholesterol-lowering potential. KC milk tablets were rich in dietary fiber, contained gallic acid, and exhibited antioxidant properties. They also supported the growth of Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium longum in vitro, accompanied by increased SCFA production. In an open-label, pre\u2013post exploratory study in hypercholesterolemic subjects, daily consumption for 6 weeks was associated with significantly increased HDL-C and reduced LDL-C levels. In addition, circulating ApoB100 and HMGCR levels were reduced, whereas ApoE and TNF-\u03b1 remained unchanged. Therefore, these preliminary findings suggest that KC milk tablets may accomplish beneficial changes in lipid profiles and support the potential of dietary fiber\u2013phenolic interactions with enhanced SCFA production which might modulate cholesterol metabolism. However, in further studies, randomized controlled trials are required to understand the precise underlying mechanism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15122235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T08:19:52Z","timestamp":1782202792000},"page":"2235","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dietary Fiber\u2013Phenolic Milk Tablets Are Associated with Improved Lipid Profiles and Reduced Circulating HMGCR Levels in Hypercholesterolemic Subjects: An Open-Label Pre\u2013Post Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9672-9941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nut","family":"Palachai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9277-7113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pontapan","family":"Polyiam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Nakhon Ratchasima College, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0695-6682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sivamoke","family":"Dissook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wasana","family":"Ko-iam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5099-0546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pratoomporn","family":"Yingthongchai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hechen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0347-2516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jurairat","family":"Khongrum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296417","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/296417","article-title":"Dysfunctional high-density lipoprotein: An innovative target for proteomics and lipidomics","volume":"2015","author":"Salazar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cholesterol"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Janota, B., and Kowalski, O. 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