{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:41:32Z","timestamp":1785415292950,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007414","name":"Qassim University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["QU-APC-2026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QU-APC-2026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007414","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["QU-APC-2026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QU-APC-2026"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01wsfe280","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Honey possesses anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound-healing properties due to its complex mixture of carbohydrates, phenolics, flavonoids, vitamins, and minerals. However, comprehensive data on monofloral honeys from Saudi Arabia\u2019s Qassim region are lacking. Objective: This study evaluated the nutritional composition, glycemic index, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of five Qassim honeys (Talh, Keina, Samr, Berseem, Ashr) and identified chemical components responsible for their therapeutic potential. Methods: Physicochemical parameters, sugar profiles, minerals, vitamins, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), diastase activity, and HMF were analyzed. Antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH and ABTS assays, anti-inflammatory activity by BSA denaturation inhibition, and in vitro glycemic index by simulated digestion. Statistical comparisons used one-way ANOVA with Fisher\u2019s LSD (n = 5). Results: All honeys met international quality standards (moisture &lt; 20%, HMF &lt; 40 mg\/kg, F + G &gt; 60 g\/100 g). Samr honey showed the highest TPC (890 mg GAE\/kg) and TFC (226 mg QE\/kg). Ashr and Berseem exhibited the highest DPPH scavenging (92% and 91%). Samr was the most potent ABTS scavenger (IC50 26.7 \u03bcg\/mL). Ashr displayed the strongest anti-inflammatory activity (86.9%), followed by Berseem (72.0%). All honeys had low glycemic index (51\u201355). Talh and Samr (Acacia-derived) were richest in K, Mg, P, Fe, and Zn; Keina (Eucalyptus) was highest in Ca; Berseem (clover) had the lowest mineral content. Samr honey contained the highest levels of vitamin C and B vitamins. Conclusions: The five Qassim monofloral honeys possess distinct nutritional and bioactive profiles. Samr honey is exceptionally rich in phenolics, flavonoids, and B vitamins, contributing to high antioxidant capacity. Ashr and Berseem honeys showed remarkable anti-inflammatory activity. All honeys are low-glycemic and meet quality standards. These findings support their use as functional foods and provide a basis for botanical authentication and quality control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15132263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T07:57:24Z","timestamp":1782287844000},"page":"2263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nutritional Composition, Glycemic Index, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Five Monofloral Honeys from Qassim, Saudi Arabia: A Component\u2013Effect Relationship Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Sarah A. M.","family":"Alnafisah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Food, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8695-4961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sami A.","family":"Althwab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Food, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3781-1064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rehab F. M.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Food, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20220","DOI":"10.36462\/H.BioSci.20220","article-title":"Topical Saudi Arabia Talh honey (Acacia nilotica) on surgical wound healing activity","volume":"3","author":"Hegazi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Highlights Biosci."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Imran, M. (2023). Honey Composition, Therapeutic Potential and Authentication Through Novel Technologies: An Overview. 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