{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T16:10:53Z","timestamp":1784823053369,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Vicerrectoria de Investigacion y Estudios de Posgrado","award":["00817-PV\/2026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00817-PV\/2026"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study evaluates the combined antibacterial activity (AA) of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and UV-C light-activated gallic acid (AGA) against two common enteropathogens (Escherichia coli and S. Typhimurium) in terms of microbial growth and survival during gastrointestinal simulation (GS). The LAB were selected based on their capacity to ferment soy and whey concentrates in monoculture and co-culture. The resulting LAB-fermented medium (LABF) was evaluated for its antibacterial properties against enteropathogens and combined with AGA to determine its effects during the GS. Results indicated that the whey solution supported the highest growth of LAB co-culture (&gt;107 CFU\/mL). LABF showed AA in a dose-dependent manner, achieving &gt;2-log reductions. Although AGA exhibited strong AA, when combined with LABF, its antimicrobial activity under GS was null, with a complete microbial recovery after 24 h of GS. Therefore, the application of LABF plus AGA in the in vitro gastrointestinal system needs further study to avoid loss of antibacterial activity during gastric transit.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15152589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T15:05:42Z","timestamp":1784819142000},"page":"2589","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Novel Approach for Reducing Enteropathogens Using LAB-Fermented Whey Solution and UV-C Light-Activated Gallic Acid"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Luz Alejandra","family":"M\u00e1rquez-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Benem\u00e9rita Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 18 Sur Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Puebla, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5980-085X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xochitl","family":"Aparicio-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Universitario de los Lagos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Enrique D\u00edaz de Le\u00f3n No. 1144. Col. Paseos de la Monta\u00f1a, Lagos de Moreno 47460, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9203-2530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Genaro Gustavo","family":"Amador-Espejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Biotecnolog\u00eda Aplicada, Santa In\u00e9s Tecuexcomac-Tepetitla, km 1.5, Tepetitla de Lardizabal 90700, Tlaxcala, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2572-354X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Carranza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Benem\u00e9rita Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 18 Sur Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Puebla, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda de Guadalupe","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Arenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Benem\u00e9rita Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 18 Sur Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Puebla, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6592-6838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irving Israel","family":"Ruiz-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda Qu\u00edmica, Benem\u00e9rita Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 18 Sur Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Puebla, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos Enrique","family":"Ochoa-Velasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Benem\u00e9rita Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 18 Sur Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Puebla, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2025.105146","article-title":"Antimicrobial roles of probiotics: Molecular mechanisms and application prospects","volume":"163","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. 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