{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:05:05Z","timestamp":1786122305558,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key R&D Program of Shandong Province","award":["2022TZXD0033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022TZXD0033"]}]},{"name":"Higher Educational Youth Innovation Science and Technology Program of Shandong Province, China","award":["2025KJH169"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025KJH169"]}]},{"name":"Young Talent of Lifting engineering for Science and Technology in Shandong, China","award":["SDAST2025 QTB043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SDAST2025 QTB043"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Agricultural Industry Technology System","award":["SDAIT-07-17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SDAIT-07-17"]}]},{"name":"Liaocheng University students\u2019 innovation and entrepreneurship training program","award":["cxcy2025274"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["cxcy2025274"]}]},{"award":["cxcy2025274"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["cxcy2025274"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03yh0n709","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Research Foundation of Liaocheng University","award":["K26LD216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K26LD216"]}]},{"award":["K26LD216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K26LD216"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03yh0n709","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Prior studies on Ganoderma lucidum spore oil (GLSO) rarely systematically explored its storage oxidative deterioration mechanism via multi-marker combined characterization. This study innovatively integrated the Schaal oven accelerated storage test and dual-NMR detection (LF-NMR and 1H NMR) to evaluate the oxidative stability of GLSO over 60 d. Dynamic changes in routine oxidation indices, glycerol core aldehydes (GCAs), phytosterols and their triterpenoid biosynthetic precursors, fatty acids and volatile compounds were synchronously tracked. Results revealed complex fluctuating accumulation of primary and secondary oxidation products; non-volatile GCAs exhibited continuous monotonic growth and acted as reliable markers for severe GLSO oxidation. Unsaturated fatty acids and phytosterols and their triterpenoid biosynthetic precursors degraded in a structure-dependent pattern, with phytosterols and their triterpenoid biosynthetic precursors degradation sensitivity ranked as squalene &gt; lanosterol &gt; \u03b2-sitosterol. Correlation analysis clarified the intrinsic linkage between fatty acid substrates and oxidation derivatives. This work innovatively reveals the complete lipid oxidation pathway of GLSO, offering novel theoretical references and multi-index evaluation strategies for quality control and preservation of high-grade GLSO products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15162776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T09:14:28Z","timestamp":1786094068000},"page":"2776","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Oxidative Stability and Quality Deterioration of Ganoderma lucidum Spore Oil Under Accelerated Storage Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Zhihao","family":"Ge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Applied Technology for Protein and Peptide Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Food Engineering, Liaocheng University, 1 Hunan Road, Liaocheng 252000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuebing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Applied Technology for Protein and Peptide Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Food Engineering, Liaocheng University, 1 Hunan Road, Liaocheng 252000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Applied Technology for Protein and Peptide Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Food Engineering, Liaocheng University, 1 Hunan Road, Liaocheng 252000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3811-2646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xingfeng","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Applied Technology for Protein and Peptide Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Food Engineering, Liaocheng University, 1 Hunan Road, Liaocheng 252000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuzhu","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Grain and Oil Functionalized Processing in Universities of Shaanxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8721-507X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jia","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Applied Technology for Protein and Peptide Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Food Engineering, Liaocheng University, 1 Hunan Road, Liaocheng 252000, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Grain and Oil Functionalized Processing in Universities of Shaanxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2014.10.010","article-title":"Accessing biological actions of Ganoderma secondary metabolites by in silico profiling","volume":"114","author":"Grienke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2008.04.030","article-title":"Wild and commercial mushrooms as source of nutrients and nutraceuticals","volume":"46","author":"Barros","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Chem. 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