{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T14:59:30Z","timestamp":1791644370767,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFD2401303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD2401303"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"2025 Research on Breeding Technology of Candidate Species for Guangdong Modern Marine Ranching","award":["2025-MRB-00-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-MRB-00-001"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2026A1515012368"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026A1515012368"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program","award":["S202610564190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S202610564190"]}]},{"name":"National Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program","award":["202610564064S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202610564064S"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To investigate sex-specific differences in gonad quality and flavor characteristics of the sea urchin Heliocidaris crassispina, female and male gonads were compared using proximate composition, colorimetry, E-tongue, E-nose, LC-MS, and HS-SPME-GC-MS. No significant sex differences were observed in wet weight, test diameter, gonadosomatic index, moisture, or crude fat, whereas female gonads showed higher crude protein content, lightness, and yellowness. E-tongue and E-nose analyses revealed distinct sex-dependent taste and odor fingerprints. Metabolomics identified 366 differential non-volatile metabolites and 53 differential volatile metabolites, mainly involving lipids, organic acids and derivatives, dipeptides, nucleotide-related compounds, hydrocarbons, terpenoids, aldehydes, ketones, and esters. Female gonads were enriched in phospholipids, lysophospholipids, dipeptides, and nucleotide precursors, whereas male gonads contained higher levels of acylcarnitines, hydroxy fatty acids, 3-carene, and hydrocarbons. These findings provide metabolomic evidence for sex-dependent flavor differences and support quality evaluation of sea urchin products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15162780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T13:20:16Z","timestamp":1786108816000},"page":"2780","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Sex-Specific Differences in Quality and Flavor Traits of Gonads from the Sea Urchin (Heliocidaris crassispina): An Integrated Sensory and Metabolomic Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9819-6397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dejian","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zirui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuru","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7380-0263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiyang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1034-6830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hubin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4524-305X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zonghe","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3196037","DOI":"10.1155\/anu\/3196037","article-title":"Effects of Various Natural Diets on Gonad Development, Roe Quality, and Intestinal Microbiota of the Purple Sea Urchin (Heliocidaris crassispina)","volume":"2025","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aquac. 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