{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T02:22:06Z","timestamp":1793758926156,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture\u2019s National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021-68006-33893"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-68006-33893"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["2021-68006-33893"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-68006-33893"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05qx3fv49","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ensuring the safety of produce is essential for protecting consumers and preventing foodborne illnesses. Regulatory frameworks, such as the Food Safety Modernization Act\u2019s Produce Safety Rule (FSMA PSR), contribute to the decision-making process of produce growers in ensuring the production of safe foods. However, little research has explored the role of growers\u2019 perceptions of responsibility for produce-associated outbreaks, and how these may influence their decisions. Using a cross-sectional online survey of 500 US small- or medium-sized produce growers, this study examined perceptions of stakeholder responsibility for two produce-related outbreaks involving jalape\u00f1os and a spinach\u2013spring mix blend. The implications of the PSR exemptions were also investigated. Responsibility attribution differed among stakeholder groups for each produce commodity. Packing houses were identified as a common denominator responsible for both produce commodities. Medium-sized produce growers agreed that the PSR exemptions provide direct market access and reduced time commitment to exempted farms (p &lt; 0.001). However, small-sized produce growers expressed concerns about the potential limitations of the exemptions for qualifying farms. The results provide insights to policymakers, educators, and industry stakeholders to incorporate programs that foster shared responsibility for produce safety across the food system. It also informs future evaluations of the implications of the PSR exemptions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15162930","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T09:31:59Z","timestamp":1787304719000},"page":"2930","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Perceptions of Produce Recall Responsibility and Compliance of FSMA Produce Safety Rule Among Small- and Medium-Sized Produce Growers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8432-3540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elma","family":"Kontor-Manu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3012-1930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaohua","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2026, January 19). Salmonella Outbreak Linked to Cantaloupes, November 2023|Salmonella Infection, Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/salmonella\/outbreaks\/cantaloupes-11-23\/index.html."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"US Food & Drug Administration (2026, January 19). Outbreak Investigation of E. coli O157:H7: Onions, Available online: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/food\/outbreaks-foodborne-illness\/outbreak-investigation-e-coli-o157h7-onions-october-2024."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"US Food & Drug Administration (2026, January 19). Pacific International Marketing Recalls Fresh Italian Parsley Because of Possible Health Risk, Available online: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/safety\/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts\/pacific-international-marketing-recalls-fresh-italian-parsley-because-possible-health-risk."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"US Food & Drug Administration (2026, January 19). Outbreak Investigation of Salmonella: Cucumbers (May 2025), Available online: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/food\/outbreaks-foodborne-illness\/outbreak-investigation-salmonella-cucumbers-may-2025."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e190","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268821001722","article-title":"Food recalls associated with foodborne disease outbreaks, United States, 2006\u20132016","volume":"149","author":"Qiu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"US Food & Drug Administration (2026, January 19). FSMA Final Rule on Produce Safety, Available online: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/food\/food-safety-modernization-act-fsma\/fsma-final-rule-produce-safety."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2021.108192","article-title":"Small-scale produce growers\u2019 barriers and motivators to value-added business: Food safety and beyond","volume":"130","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.4315\/JFP-20-320","article-title":"Produce Growers\u2019 On-Farm Food Safety Education: A Review","volume":"84","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kontor-Manu, E., Marshall, M.I., Wiatt, R., and Feng, Y. (2026). Impacts of Food Safety Modernization Act and Produce Safety Rules, exemptions, and behavioral insights among small scale produce growers. J. Agric. Food Syst. Community Dev., 15.","DOI":"10.5304\/jafscd.2026.153.006"},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Dorn, T. (2026, January 12). Family Farms Continue to Power U.S. Agriculture|USDA, Available online: https:\/\/www.usda.gov\/about-usda\/news\/blog\/family-farms-continue-power-us-agriculture."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"USDA NASS (2026, January 12). Family-Owned Farms Account for 95% of U.S. Farms, According to the Census of Agriculture Typology Report, Available online: https:\/\/www.nass.usda.gov\/Newsroom\/2025\/08-19-2025.php."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"United States Department of Agriculture (2026, January 13). Small Farms, Big Differences, Available online: https:\/\/www.usda.gov\/about-usda\/news\/blog\/small-farms-big-differences."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Astill, G., Minor, T., Thornsbury, S., and Calvin, L. (2019). U.S. Produce Growers\u2019 Decision making Under Evolving Food Safety Standards, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Whitt, C., Miller, N., and Olver, R. (2026, January 13). Eighty-Nine Percent of All Farms Are Small Family Farms and They Generated 18 Percent of Total Production Value in 2021|Economic Research Service, Available online: https:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/data-products\/charts-of-note\/chart-detail?chartId=105916."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali, B.M., Andersson, M.G., van den Borne, B.H.P., Focker, M., and van der Fels-Klerx, H.J. (2022). Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis in Food Safety Risk Management: The Case of Dioxins in Baltic Fish. Foods, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11071059"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"132","article-title":"The Use of Multi-criteria Decision Analysis in Food Safety Risk-benefit Assessment","volume":"37","author":"Ruzante","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Prot. Trends"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1038\/s41538-025-00495-8","article-title":"A food safety targeted sampling decision-making method based on association rule mining and GNNs","volume":"9","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"npj Sci. Food"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Archila-God\u00ednez, J.C., Chen, H., Klinestiver, L., Rosa, L., Barrett, T., Henley, S.C., and Feng, Y. (2022). An Evaluation of a Virtual Food Safety Program for Low-Income Families: Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior. Foods, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11030355"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodqual.2017.01.002","article-title":"Modeling an extended theory of planned behavior model to predict intention to take precautions to avoid consuming food with additives","volume":"58","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Qual. Prefer."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrurstud.2018.04.005","article-title":"Factors affecting farmers\u2019 intention to engage in on-farm food safety practices in Iran: Extending the theory of planned behavior","volume":"60","author":"Rezaei","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Rural Stud."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2021.108169","article-title":"Adopt proper food-handling intention: An application of the health belief model","volume":"127","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"89","article-title":"Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior to Understand Workers\u2019 Production of Safe Food","volume":"39","author":"Nickell","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Work Organ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70527","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.70527","article-title":"Consumers\u2019 Food Safety Expectations and Risk Perceptions of Produce From Small and Medium-Sized Farms","volume":"90","author":"Kotanko","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohammad, Z.H., Yu, H., Neal, J.A., Gibson, K.E., and Sirsat, S.A. (2020). Food Safety Challenges and Barriers in Southern United States Farmers Markets. Foods, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9010012"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1038\/s44259-025-00178-0","article-title":"Food safety culture and the control of microbial communities in food production environments","volume":"4","author":"Omelchenko","year":"2026","journal-title":"npj Antimicrob. Resist."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, X., Zheng, J., and Jiang, Q. (2026). Food safety beliefs, risk perception and consumers\u2019 sustainable purchasing behavior: A case study of specialty freshwater fish. Front. Sustain. Food Syst., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2026.1678684"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrurstud.2016.02.005","article-title":"Are small and medium scale produce farms inherent food safety risks?","volume":"44","author":"Parker","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Rural Stud."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2025.100648","article-title":"Food Safety Practices Among Small-Scale Produce Growers Exempt from Federal Regulations: A Systematic Literature Review","volume":"88","author":"Temple","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1086\/208756","article-title":"The Attribution Process in Consumer Decision Making","volume":"6","author":"Mizerski","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Consum. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2025.100561","article-title":"Conversations with State and Local Inspectors Reveal Ambiguity in the Application of Food Safety Regulations on Small-scale Produce Drying Operations","volume":"88","author":"Stoll","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2026.100704","article-title":"Validating the Willing\u2013Ready\u2013Able (WRA) Framework to Measure Food Safety Engagement Among FSMA-Exempt Produce Growers in West Virginia","volume":"89","author":"Temple","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodpol.2017.10.005","article-title":"Produce growers\u2019 cost of complying with the Food Safety Modernization Act","volume":"74","author":"Adalja","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Policy"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.4315\/FPT-22-034","article-title":"Produce Safety Alliance Training: Long-Term Behavioral Change Study in the North Central Region","volume":"43","author":"Enderton","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Prot. Trends"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2400041","DOI":"10.1002\/gch2.202400041","article-title":"Trade-offs and Synergies between Economic and Environmental Cocoa Farm Management Decisions","volume":"8","author":"Bandanaa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Glob. Chall."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wiedmann, M., Sunil, S., Moreno-Switt, A.I., Vongkamjan, K., and Johler, S. (2026). Balancing food safety and sustainability: Trade-off risk assessments and predictive modeling. Front. Sci., 4.","DOI":"10.3389\/fsci.2026.1720772"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-044894-7.00600-X","article-title":"Attribution theory","volume":"Volume 6","author":"Weiner","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Encycloped\u00eda of Education"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.5055\/jem.0567","article-title":"Integrating the Food and Drug Administration Office of the Coordinated Outbreak Response and Evaluation Network\u2019s foodborne illness outbreak surveillance and response activities with principles of the National Incident Management System","volume":"19","author":"Seelman","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Emerg. Manag."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Su, Y., Kakagianni, M., Afari, E.L., and Prabhukhot, G. (2026). Regulatory responses to foodborne illness outbreaks in the United States and their implications for food safety. Front. Nutr., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1717980"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckad020","article-title":"Public perceptions of responsibility for recommended food policies in seven countries","volume":"33","author":"Booth","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2389","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.15357","article-title":"Microbiological safety of spinach throughout commercial supply chains in Gauteng Province, South Africa and characterization of isolated multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli","volume":"132","author":"Richter","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2024.141723","article-title":"Life cycle assessment of baby leaf spinach: Reduction of waste through interventions in growing treatments and packaging","volume":"449","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"U.S. Food & Drug Administartion (2026, August 06). Leafy Greens STEC Action Plan, Available online: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/food\/foodborne-pathogens\/leafy-greens-stec-action-plan."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"King, R.P., Hand, M.S., and Gomez, M.I. (2014). Spring Mix Case Studies in the Sacramento Area. Growing Local: Case Studies on Local Food Supply Chains, University of Nebraska Press. Available online: http:\/\/foodindustrycenter.umn.edu\/Local_Food_Case_Studies.html."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"UC Davis Western Institute for Food Safety & Security (2026, June 07). Spring Mix PDF. Available online: https:\/\/www.wifss.ucdavis.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/SpringMix_PDF.pdf."},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"McCullough, K., Webb, M., and Bunning, M. (2026, August 06). Jalape\u00f1o Peppers. Available online: https:\/\/www.chhs.colostate.edu\/fsi\/food-articles\/produce\/jalapeno-peppers\/."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"171","article-title":"Big data, information asymmetry, and food supply chain management for resilience","volume":"11","author":"Miller","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Syst. Community Dev."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1108\/IJLM-08-2023-0330","article-title":"Determinants of information asymmetry in agri-food supply chains","volume":"36","author":"Mardenli","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Logist. Manag."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4898","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2018.1467062","article-title":"A review on supply chain contracting with information considerations: Information updating and information asymmetry","volume":"57","author":"Shen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2019.1685702","article-title":"Supply chain coordination under information asymmetry: A review","volume":"58","author":"Vosooghidizaji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"91","article-title":"Food Safety and information asymmetry: Implications for the agri-food industry","volume":"2","year":"2025","journal-title":"Peruv. J. Manag."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"247","article-title":"Food Safety Information on the Internet: Consumer Media Preferences","volume":"37","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Prot. Trends"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6288785","DOI":"10.1155\/jfq\/6288785","article-title":"A Focus on Consumer Understanding of Food Safety and on the Role of the Social Media","volume":"2026","author":"Terlizzi","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Food Qual."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2017.04.010","article-title":"Food safety and food quality perceptions of farmers\u2019 market consumers in the United States","volume":"79","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4309","DOI":"10.1108\/BFJ-03-2021-0261","article-title":"Perceived food safety and food defense responsibility for farmers, transporters, retailers and consumers","volume":"123","author":"Larson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. Food J."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodpol.2012.07.010","article-title":"Using best\u2013worst scaling to explore perceptions of relative responsibility for ensuring food safety","volume":"37","author":"Erdem","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Policy"},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"Berkes, J., Schr\u00f6ter, I., and Mergenthaler, M. (2021, January 20\u201325). Dyadic analysis of a speed-dating format between farmers and citizens: Impacts of conversations\u2019 and participants\u2019 characteristics on outcome indicators after four months. Proceedings of the 31st International Conference of Agricultural Economists, New Delhi, India."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Regan, \u00c1., and Kenny, U. (2022). What Do the Public Want to Know about Farming and Why? Findings from a Farmer-Initiated Public Consultation Exercise in Ireland. Sustainability, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/su14095391"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1177\/0098858815591524","article-title":"The food safety modernization act: Implications for U.S. small scale farms","volume":"41","author":"Boys","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Law Med."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.4315\/FPT-22-013","article-title":"On-Farm Produce Safety: A Review of Needs Assessments of Small-and Medium-Sized Growers in the United States","volume":"43","author":"Doyle","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Prot. Trends"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1093\/aepp\/ppx039","article-title":"Economic Effects of the U.S. Food Safety Modernization Act","volume":"40","author":"Bovay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Econ. Perspect. Policy"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmit, T.M., Wall, G.L., Newbold, E.J., and Bihn, E.A. (2020). Assessing the costs and returns of on-farm food safety improvements: A survey of Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) training participants. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0235507"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duong, T.T., Brewer, T., Luck, J., and Zander, K. (2019). A global review of farmers\u2019 perceptions of agricultural risks and risk management strategies. Agriculture, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture9010010"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1017\/S1742170518000182","article-title":"Farmer use of intermediated market channels: A review","volume":"34","author":"Dimitri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Renew. Agric. Food Syst."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s10460-021-10255-5","article-title":"The value of values-based supply chains: Farmer perspective","volume":"39","author":"Peterson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Agric. Hum. Values"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kalauni, D., Warner, L.A., Benge, M., and Danyluk, M.D. (2024). Assessing Produce Growers\u2019 Perceptions and Adoption of Agricultural Water Safety Practices in the United States. Sustainability, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/su16177635"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2015.05.024","article-title":"Effect of market channel, farm scale, and years in production on mid-Atlantic vegetable producers\u2019 knowledge and implementation of Good Agricultural Practices","volume":"59","author":"SMarine","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.21273\/HORTTECH.22.5.705","article-title":"Costs of Food Safety Certification on Fresh Produce Farms in Vermont","volume":"22","author":"Becot","year":"2012","journal-title":"Horttechnology"},{"key":"ref_68","unstructured":"European Food Safety Authority (2026, June 09). \u2018Food Safety is Everyone\u2019s Business, Now and in the Future\u2019\u2014Celebrating World Food Safety Day 2020. Available online: https:\/\/www.efsa.europa.eu\/en\/news\/food-safety-everyones-business-now-and-future-celebrating-world-food-safety-day."},{"key":"ref_69","unstructured":"American Society for Microbiology (2010). Global Food Safety: Keeping Food Safe from Farm to Table, American Society for Microbiology."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, L., Qin, K., and Chen, X. (2022). Responsibility of citizens in food safety social co-governance in the context of China. Front. Public Health, 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.962629"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaderabek, A., and Sinibaldi, J. (2022). Assessing Measurement Error in Hypothetical Questions. Surv. Pract., Available online: https:\/\/www.surveypractice.org\/article\/38280-assessing-measurement-error-in-hypothetical-questions.","DOI":"10.29115\/SP-2022-0010"}],"container-title":["Foods"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/15\/16\/2930\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T09:58:01Z","timestamp":1787306281000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/15\/16\/2930"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["foods15162930"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods15162930","relation":{},"ISSN":["2304-8158"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2304-8158","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]}}}