{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T10:26:56Z","timestamp":1787308016200,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Secretar\u00eda de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n SECHTI","award":["2051796"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2051796"]}]},{"award":["2051796"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2051796"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/059ex5q34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide, affecting 37\u201352% of the population and potentially progressing to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Effective treatments remain limited, making nutraceuticals such as flavonoids promising therapeutic alternatives. Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) (OFI) has demonstrated beneficial effects against MAFLD, although its active compounds remain unclear. In this study, the complexity of the OFI sample was addressed through fractionation by sequential exhaustive extraction (SEE), resulting in six fractions enriched with different compound families, and metabolic markers related to steatosis were evaluated. Butanol (BT), ethanol (ET), and water (WA) extracts reduced lipid accumulation by 18\u201321%. BT and WA fractions also improved glucose uptake and decreased ketone body and reactive oxygen species production. UPLC-MS analysis showed that the WA extract was rich in piscidic acid and exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, whereas the BT displayed the strongest antisteatotic effect. Glycosylated flavonoids, representing 78% of the BT, were the predominant compounds. Isorhamnetin-glucosyl-rhamnosyl-rhamnoside and isorhamnetin-glucosyl-pentoside were inversely associated with triglyceride release, oxidative stress, and ketone body production. These findings identify isorhamnetin derivatives as key bioactive compounds underlying OFI\u2019s beneficial effects against hepatic steatosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15162939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T09:31:59Z","timestamp":1787304719000},"page":"2939","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sequential Fractionation of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Reveals Isorhamnetin Glycosides Associated with Reduced Hepatic Lipid Accumulation and Oxidative Stress"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jorge Alberto","family":"Uribe-Echeverr\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Col: Tecnol\u00f3gico, Monterrey 64700, NL, Mexico"},{"name":"Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Col: Tecnol\u00f3gico, Monterrey 64700, NL, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8546-6832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marilena","family":"Antunes-Ricardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Col: Tecnol\u00f3gico, Monterrey 64700, NL, Mexico"},{"name":"Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Col: Tecnol\u00f3gico, Monterrey 64700, NL, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gropper, S.S. (2023). The Role of Nutrition in Chronic Disease. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15030664"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, Z.F., Fu, C., and Lee, Y.Y. (2025). The Modulatory Role of Bioactive Compounds in Functional Foods on Inflammation and Metabolic Pathways in Chronic Diseases. Foods, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14050821"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R145","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-16-0580","article-title":"Nutritional Approaches for Managing Obesity-Associated Metabolic Diseases","volume":"233","author":"Botchlett","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.12.002","article-title":"2019 Global NAFLD Prevalence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"20","author":"Le","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Girish, V., and John, S. (2025). Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD). StatPearls, StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.03.039","article-title":"A New Definition for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: An International Expert Consensus Statement","volume":"73","author":"Eslam","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jamal, F., Elshaer, A., Odeh, N.B., Alatout, M.H., Shahin, T., Worden, A.R., Albunni, H.N., Lizaola-Mayo, B.C., Jayasekera, C.R., and Chascsa, D.M.H. (2025). Resmetirom in the Management of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Steatohepatitis. Life, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/life15081306"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6430023","DOI":"10.1155\/ije\/6430023","article-title":"Resmetirom: The First Disease-Specific Treatment for MASH","volume":"2025","author":"Mousa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4371","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2021.1875189","article-title":"Functional Foods Modulating Inflammation and Metabolism in Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Review","volume":"62","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2014.08.021","article-title":"Influence of Cultivar and Origin on the Flavonol Profile of Fruits and Cladodes from Cactus Opuntia ficus-indica","volume":"64","author":"Omran","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1956","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.112.165563","article-title":"Opuntia ficus-indica (Nopal) Attenuates Hepatic Steatosis and Oxidative Stress in Obese Zucker (Fa\/Fa) Rats","volume":"142","author":"Tovar","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fufo.2024.100306","article-title":"Hypolipidemic-Hepatoprotective Effect of a Cookie Added with Opuntia Atropes Cladodes and Opuntia Joconostle Fruits in a Rat Model","volume":"9","author":"Secundino","year":"2024","journal-title":"Future Foods"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4716","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-05096-4","article-title":"Nopal (Opuntia ficus-indica) Protects from Metabolic Endotoxemia by Modifying Gut Microbiota in Obese Rats Fed High Fat\/Sucrose Diet","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Besn\u00e9-Eseverri, I., Mart\u00edn, M.\u00c1., Lobo, G., Cano, M.P., Portillo, M.P., and Trepiana, J. (2024). Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Opuntia Extracts on a Model of Diet-Induced Steatosis. Antioxidants, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13111416"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Besn\u00e9-Eseverri, I., Benito, D., Fisico-Echezarraga, M., Ar\u00e1n-Gonz\u00e1lez, M., Cano, M.P., Portillo, M.P., and Trepiana, J. (2026). Differential Effects of Opuntia ficus-indica and Opuntia Stricta Var. Dillenii Extracts on Liver Steatosis in a Murine Dietary Model. Nutrients, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18030420"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez-Garc\u00eda, I., Besn\u00e9-Eseverri, I., Portillo, M.P., Fern\u00e1ndez-Quintela, A., D\u00edaz, L.E., Riezu-Boj, J.I., Milagro, F.I., and Trepiana, J. (2025). Oral Administration of an Opuntia ficus-indica Fruit Extract Induces Changes in Gut Microbiota Composition: Relationship with Its Anti-Obesity and Anti-Steatotic Effects in Rats Fed a High-Fat High-Fructose Diet. Foods, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14162891"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.06.008","article-title":"Phenolic Acid and Flavonoid-Rich Fraction of Sasa Quelpaertensis Nakai Leaves Prevent Alcohol Induced Fatty Liver through AMPK Activation","volume":"224","author":"Cho","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70078","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.70078","article-title":"Changes in Liver Metabolome Induced by Pterostilbene and Resveratrol in a Rat Model of Liver Steatosis","volume":"69","author":"Sancho","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-025-01304-4","article-title":"Rhein Alleviates Hepatic Steatosis in NAFLD Mice by Activating the AMPK\/ACC\/SREBP1 Pathway to Enhance Lipid Metabolism","volume":"31","author":"Dai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3166","DOI":"10.1039\/D5FO00440C","article-title":"Differential Effects of Ellagic Acid on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice: Grouped by Urolithin A-Producing Capacity","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qiu, J., Fu, L., Xue, Y., Yang, Y., Qiao, F., Zhu, W., Gao, Y., Fang, M., Liu, Y., and Gao, Z. (2025). Gallic Acid Mitigates High-Fat and High-Carbohydrate Diet-Induced Steatohepatitis by Modulating the IRF6\/PPAR\u03b3 Signaling Pathway. Front. Pharmacol., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1563561"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2020.110881","article-title":"Oral Gallic Acid Improve Liver Steatosis and Metabolism Modulating Hepatic Lipogenic Markers in Obese Mice","volume":"134","author":"Sousa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chao, J., Cheng, H.-Y., Chang, M.-L., Huang, S.-S., Liao, J.-W., Cheng, Y.-C., Peng, W.-H., and Pao, L.-H. (2021). Gallic Acid Ameliorated Impaired Lipid Homeostasis in a Mouse Model of High-Fat Diet\u2014And Streptozotocin-Induced NAFLD and Diabetes through Improvement of \u03b2-Oxidation and Ketogenesis. Front. Pharmacol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.606759"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44085","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-27783-3","article-title":"Genistein Ameliorates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Hepatic Macrophage Polarization","volume":"15","author":"Fang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monagas, M., Brendler, T., Brinckmann, J., Dentali, S., Gafner, S., Giancaspro, G., Johnson, H., Kababick, J., Ma, C., and Oketch-Rabah, H. (2022). Understanding Plant to Extract Ratios in Botanical Extracts. Front. Pharmacol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.981978"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghimire, B.K., Seo, J.-W., Kim, S.-H., Ghimire, B., Lee, J.-G., Yu, C.-Y., and Chung, I.-M. (2021). Influence of Harvesting Time on Phenolic and Mineral Profiles and Their Association with the Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Effects of Atractylodes Japonica Koidz. Agronomy, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy11071327"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2023.138173","article-title":"Impact of Temperature and Humidity Conditions as Abiotic Stressors on the Phytochemical Fingerprint of Oat (Avena sativa L.) Sprouts","volume":"439","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mannino, G., Ricciardi, M., Gatti, N., Serio, G., Vigliante, I., Contartese, V., Gentile, C., and Bertea, C.M. (2022). Changes in the Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Properties of Prunus Persica Fruits after the Application of a Commercial Biostimulant Based on Seaweed and Yeast Extract. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232415911"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584141","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/1584141","article-title":"Serial Exhaustive Extraction Revealed Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of Platycerium Stemaria (Beauv) Desv","volume":"2021","author":"Ngouana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"020062","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5050158","article-title":"Lelifajri Effect of Sequential Extraction on Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and Antioxidant Activities (AA) of Luffa Acutangula Linnaeus Dried Pulps","volume":"2002","author":"Supriatno","year":"2018","journal-title":"AIP Conf. Proc."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.3390\/oxygen3030018","article-title":"Successive Solvent Extraction of Polyphenols and Flavonoids from Cistus Creticus L. Leaves","volume":"3","author":"Palaiogiannis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oxygen"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7054","DOI":"10.1021\/jf200944y","article-title":"Comparative Analyses of Total Phenols, Antioxidant Activity, and Flavonol Glycoside Profile of Cladode Flours from Different Varieties of Opuntia spp.","volume":"59","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jaramillo-De la Garza, J.S., Rodr\u00edguez-S\u00e1nchez, D.G., Hern\u00e1ndez-Brenes, C., and Heredia-Olea, E. (2025). Development and Consumer Acceptability of Functional Bread Formulations Enriched with Extruded Avocado Seed Flour: Nutritional and Technological Properties. Foods, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14244282"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14776","DOI":"10.1111\/jfpp.14776","article-title":"Sequential Extraction of Red Button Ginger (Costus Woodsonii): Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidative Activities","volume":"44","author":"Ling","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Food Process. Preserv."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2024.141682","article-title":"A Bio-Guided Search of Anti-Steatotic Compounds in Opuntia Stricta Var. Dillenii by Fast Centrifugal Partition Chromatography","volume":"464","author":"Lobo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1021\/ac00062a016","article-title":"Kinetic Study of the Reaction of Acetoacetate with Glycine and Sodium Nitroprusside","volume":"65","author":"Laios","year":"1993","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pacheco-Ordaz, R., Antunes-Ricardo, M., Guti\u00e9rrez-Uribe, J.A., and Gonz\u00e1lez-Aguilar, G.A. (2018). Intestinal Permeability and Cellular Antioxidant Activity of Phenolic Compounds from Mango (Mangifera Indica Cv. Ataulfo) Peels. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19020514"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1007\/s12161-020-01946-6","article-title":"Extraction of (Poly)Phenolic Compounds of Cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.) Cladodes","volume":"14","author":"Cid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Anal. Methods"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1007\/s13105-025-01097-4","article-title":"Anti-Steatotic Effect of Opuntia ficus-indica Extracts Rich in Betalains and Phenolics from Fruit Peel and Pulp of Different Varieties in in Vitro Models","volume":"81","author":"Trepiana","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Maryott, A. (1951). Table of Dielectric Constants of Pure Liquids, National Bureau of Standards."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.17159\/0379-4350\/2016\/v69a18","article-title":"Subsequent Separation and Selective Extraction of Thorium (IV), Iron (III), Zirconium (IV) and Cerium (III) from Aqueous Sulphate Medium","volume":"69","author":"Borai","year":"2016","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26399","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c05680","article-title":"Piezoelectric Nanocellulose Thin Film with Large-Scale Vertical Crystal Alignment","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tie, F., Ding, J., Hu, N., Dong, Q., Chen, Z., and Wang, H. (2021). Kaempferol and Kaempferide Attenuate Oleic Acid-Induced Lipid Accumulation and Oxidative Stress in HepG2 Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168847"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, L., Lu, Q.-Y., Lim, S., Han, G., Boros, L.G., Desai, M., and Yee, J.K. (2025). The Effect of Flavonoids and Topiramate on Glucose Carbon Metabolism in a HepG2 Steatosis Cell Culture Model: A Stable Isotope Study. Nutrients, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17030564"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Albergamo, A., Potort\u00ed, A.G., Di Bella, G., Amor, N.B., Lo Vecchio, G., Nava, V., Rando, R., Ben Mansour, H., and Lo Turco, V. (2022). Chemical Characterization of Different Products from the Tunisian Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. Foods, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11020155"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/s41387-022-00202-6","article-title":"Obesity-Induced Elevated Palmitic Acid Promotes Inflammation and Glucose Metabolism Disorders through GPRs\/NF-\u03baB\/KLF7 Pathway","volume":"12","author":"Qiu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutr. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eynaudi, A., D\u00edaz-Castro, F., B\u00f3rquez, J.C., Bravo-Sagua, R., Parra, V., and Troncoso, R. (2021). Differential Effects of Oleic and Palmitic Acids on Lipid Droplet-Mitochondria Interaction in the Hepatic Cell Line HepG2. Front. Nutr., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.775382"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ceja-Galicia, Z.A., Cespedes-Acu\u00f1a, C.L.A., and El-Hafidi, M. (2025). Protection Strategies Against Palmitic Acid-Induced Lipotoxicity in Metabolic Syndrome and Related Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26020788"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2018.04.022","article-title":"Oleic Acid Protects Saturated Fatty Acid Mediated Lipotoxicity in Hepatocytes and Rat of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis","volume":"203","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2021.11.044","article-title":"The Influence of Dexamethasone on Hepatic Fatty Acids Metabolism and Transport in Human Steatotic HepG2 Cell Line Exposed to Palmitate","volume":"585","author":"Sztolsztener","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-013-0758-5","article-title":"Mechanisms of Hepatic Triglyceride Accumulation in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"48","author":"Kawano","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.32","article-title":"Lipid Droplets and Liver Disease: From Basic Biology to Clinical Implications","volume":"14","author":"Gluchowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1038\/s41387-025-00398-3","article-title":"Non-Carbohydrate Anaplerotic Therapy Counters Empagliflozin-Induced Diabetic Ketosis","volume":"15","author":"Asiku","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutr. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa165","article-title":"Are Fatty Acids Gluconeogenic Precursors?","volume":"150","author":"Green","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2017.09.019","article-title":"The Liver","volume":"27","author":"Trefts","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-6346(01)00172-3","article-title":"Enhanced GLUT2 Gene Expression in an Oleic Acid-Induced in Vitro Fatty Liver Model","volume":"23","author":"Okamoto","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatol. Res."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3138","DOI":"10.1039\/D3CC04829B","article-title":"Oleic acid differentially affects lipid droplet storage of de novo synthesized lipids in hepatocytes and adipocytes","volume":"60","author":"Castillo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2021.06.013","article-title":"Glycerol-3-Phosphate Biosynthesis Regenerates Cytosolic NAD+ to Alleviate Mitochondrial Disease","volume":"33","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2012.08.005","article-title":"Liv.52 up-Regulates Cellular Antioxidants and Increase Glucose Uptake to Circumvent Oleic Acid Induced Hepatic Steatosis in HepG2 Cells","volume":"19","author":"Vidyashankar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e127737","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.127737","article-title":"Impaired Ketogenesis and Increased Acetyl-CoA Oxidation Promote Hyperglycemia in Human Fatty Liver","volume":"4","author":"Fletcher","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prochownik, E.V., and Wang, H. (2021). The Metabolic Fates of Pyruvate in Normal and Neoplastic Cells. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10040762"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115591","article-title":"Simultaneous in Vivo Multi-Organ Fluxomics Reveals Divergent Metabolic Adaptations in Liver, Heart, and Skeletal Muscle during Obesity","volume":"44","author":"Rahim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.2174\/1573399812666160421121307","article-title":"Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Review","volume":"13","author":"Modi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Diabetes Rev."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coniglio, S., Shumskaya, M., and Vassiliou, E. (2023). Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Immunomodulatory Properties. Biology, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12020279"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fratianni, F., d\u2019Acierno, A., Ombra, M.N., Amato, G., De Feo, V., Ayala-Zavala, J.F., Coppola, R., and Nazzaro, F. (2021). Fatty Acid Composition, Antioxidant, and in Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Five Cold-Pressed Prunus Seed Oils, and Their Anti-Biofilm Effect Against Pathogenic Bacteria. Front. Nutr., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.775751"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei, C.-C., Yen, P.-L., Chang, S.-T., Cheng, P.-L., Lo, Y.-C., and Liao, V.H.-C. (2016). Antioxidative Activities of Both Oleic Acid and Camellia Tenuifolia Seed Oil Are Regulated by the Transcription Factor DAF-16\/FOXO in Caenorhabditis Elegans. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0157195"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.3226","article-title":"Phytochemical Profiling, Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant Activities of Hydroethanolic Extracts of Prickly Pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) Fruit and Pulp","volume":"11","author":"Iftikhar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2010.05.042","article-title":"Chemical Analysis and Antioxidant Activities in Vitro of Polysaccharide Extracted from Opuntia ficus-indica Mill. Cultivated in China","volume":"82","author":"Zhong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5780","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-81874-1","article-title":"Role of Rich Phenolics and Betanin Profiles from Opuntia ficus-indica Fruits in the Prevention of Diabetic Complications Using Metabolomics Study","volume":"15","author":"Mohammed","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.4103\/pm.pm_232_16","article-title":"Hepatoprotective Flavonoids in Opuntia ficus-indica Fruits by Reducing Oxidative Stress in Primary Rat Hepatocytes","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacogn. Mag."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rocchetti, G., Pellizzoni, M., Montesano, D., and Lucini, L. (2018). Italian Opuntia ficus-indica Cladodes as Rich Source of Bioactive Compounds with Health-Promoting Properties. Foods, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods7020024"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeghbib, W., Boudjouan, F., Vasconcelos, V., and Lopes, G. (2022). Phenolic Compounds\u2019 Occurrence in Opuntia Species and Their Role in the Inflammatory Process: A Review. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27154763"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4007","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.2388","article-title":"Cladodes: Chemical and Structural Properties, Biological Activity, and Polyphenols Profile","volume":"9","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2020.07.003","article-title":"HPLC-PDA-MS\/MS Profiling of Secondary Metabolites from Opuntia ficus-indica Cladode, Peel and Fruit Pulp Extracts and Their Antioxidant, Neuroprotective Effect in Rats with Aluminum Chloride Induced Neurotoxicity","volume":"27","author":"Sobeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2018.03.062","article-title":"Phytochemical Characterization of Different Prickly Pear (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.) Cultivars and Botanical Parts: UHPLC-ESI-MSn Metabolomics Profiles and Their Chemometric Analysis","volume":"108","author":"Mena","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16210","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-52736-y","article-title":"Isorhamnetin Alleviates Steatosis and Fibrosis in Mice with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis","volume":"9","author":"Ganbold","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.157987","article-title":"Isorhamnetin Alleviates Diet Induced MASLD in Mice by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Bile Acid Metabolism","volume":"153","author":"Guo","year":"2026","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antunes-Ricardo, M., Rodr\u00edguez-Rodr\u00edguez, C., Guti\u00e9rrez-Uribe, J.A., Cepeda-Ca\u00f1edo, E., and Serna-Sald\u00edvar, S.O. (2017). Bioaccessibility, Intestinal Permeability and Plasma Stability of Isorhamnetin Glycosides from Opuntia ficus-indica (L.). Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18081816"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(03)00039-X","article-title":"Absorption of Quercetin-3-Glucoside and Quercetin-4\u2032-Glucoside in the Rat Small Intestine: The Role of Lactase Phlorizin Hydrolase and the Sodium-Dependent Glucose Transporter","volume":"65","author":"Day","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1080\/10715769800300291","article-title":"Absorption and Excretion of Conjugated Flavonols, Including Quercetin-4\u2032-O-\u03b2-Glucoside and Isorhamnetin-4\u2032-O-\u03b2-Glucoside by Human Volunteers after the Consumption of Onions","volume":"29","author":"Aziz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Free Radic. Res."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1080\/10715769900301141","article-title":"The Sugar Moiety Is a Major Determinant of the Absorption of Dietary Flavonoid Glycosides in Man","volume":"31","author":"Hollman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Free Radic. Res."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2802","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.9.2802","article-title":"The Bioavailability of Quercetin in Pigs Depends on the Glycoside Moiety and on Dietary Factors","volume":"133","author":"Cermak","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Nutr."}],"container-title":["Foods"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/15\/16\/2939\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T09:58:44Z","timestamp":1787306324000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/15\/16\/2939"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["foods15162939"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods15162939","relation":{},"ISSN":["2304-8158"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2304-8158","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]}}}