{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T05:07:58Z","timestamp":1789103278754,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Innovation Guidance and Tech Enterprise Incubation Plan","award":["202504BI090009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202504BI090009"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program","award":["202402AA310033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202402AA310033"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fruit- and vegetable-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (FV-ELNs) are nanovesicles characterized by a lipid bilayer membrane that encloses a diverse array of biologically active constituents, including proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and small-molecule bioactive compounds. FV-ELNs have attracted considerable research interest in recent years due to their favorable biocompatibility and natural origin. The bioactive cargo encapsulated within these vesicles confers a range of pharmacological activities, encompassing anti-inflammatory, gut microbiota-modulating, and antioxidant effects, suggesting their potential for applications in food preservation, functional food development, and bioactive compound delivery. This review presents the current methods for isolation and characterization of FV-ELNs, their compositional features, and bioactivities, as well as the potential for food-industry applications. Moreover, the challenges and future directions are also addressed, offering an updated perspective on their role as natural complements to synthetic agents in functional foods and dietary interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15183194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T14:02:48Z","timestamp":1788962568000},"page":"3194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fruit- and Vegetable-Derived Exosome-like Nanovesicles: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Nie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry & Natural Medicines (CAS), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5384-7200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Na","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-Tao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0295-337X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying-Jun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry & Natural Medicines (CAS), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaau6977","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau6977","article-title":"The biology, function, and biomedical applications of exosomes","volume":"367","author":"Kalluri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plana.2022.100022","article-title":"Plant derived exosome-like Nanovesicles: An updated overview","volume":"3","author":"Subha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Nano Biol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cai, Y., Zhang, L., Zhang, Y., and Lu, R. 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