{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T15:50:25Z","timestamp":1792857025184,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":165,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The food and cosmetics industries are showing increasing scientific interest in plant-based bioactive compounds, positioning rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) as a high-value source of phytochemicals with antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. This review analyzes the principal methods used to extract rosemary bioactive metabolites, comparing conventional techniques with emerging approaches in terms of extraction efficiency, sustainability, and preservation of bioactive compounds. The discussion covers hydrodistillation, steam distillation, Soxhlet extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction, as well as emerging technologies such as ultrasound, microwave, pulsed electric field, enzyme-assisted extraction, and deep eutectic solvents. Particular attention is given to how extraction strategies influence the recovery and stability of major compounds, including carnosic acid, carnosol, rosmarinic acid, 1,8-cineole, and \u03b1-pinene, considering their different physicochemical properties. Overall, emerging technologies may improve extraction yield or reduce processing time under specific conditions; however, their environmental performance and ability to preserve compound stability depend on solvent selection, energy and water consumption, process configuration, and downstream requirements. These advances support the sustainable production of rosemary-derived ingredients with promising applications in functional foods and cosmetic formulations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15183247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T15:19:04Z","timestamp":1789399144000},"page":"3247","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Unlocking the Potential of Rosmarinus officinalis L.: Modern and Sustainable Strategies for the Extraction of Bioactive Metabolites for Cosmetic and Functional Food Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1507-0281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abraham Josu\u00e9","family":"Nev\u00e1rez-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacolog\u00eda, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnolog\u00eda del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Av. Acueducto s\/n Barrio la Laguna Ticom\u00e1n, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 07340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00f3nica I.","family":"Garc\u00eda-Aranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacolog\u00eda, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnolog\u00eda del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Av. Acueducto s\/n Barrio la Laguna Ticom\u00e1n, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 07340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4162-3429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rene","family":"Cabezas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de la Sant\u00edsima Concepci\u00f3n, Concepci\u00f3n 4090541, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7657-3302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Castro-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s\/n., 47011 Valladolid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11\/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Macedo, L.M., Dos, \u00c9.M., Milit\u00e3o, L., Tundisi, L.L., Ataide, J.A., Souto, E.B., and Mazzola, P.G. (2020). Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L., Syn Salvia Rosmarinus Spenn.) and Its Topical Applications: A Review. Plants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants9050651"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Francolino, R., Martino, M., Caputo, L., Amato, G., Chianese, G., Gargiulo, E., Formisano, C., Romano, B., Ercolano, G., and Ianaro, A. (2023). Phytochemical Constituents and Biological Activity of Wild and Cultivated Rosmarinus officinalis Hydroalcoholic Extracts. Antioxidants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12081633"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-31482-4","article-title":"Phytochemical Profiling of Rosmarinus officinalis Aerial Parts and Exploring Its in Vitro Wound Healing Activity and Network Pharmacology","volume":"16","author":"Aly","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2025.107013","article-title":"Lignans with Anti-Inflammatory Activity from the Roots of Rosmarinus officinalis","volume":"188","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2024.119392","article-title":"Review of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Essential Oil, Hydrosol, and Residues Analysis: Composition, Bioactivities, and Valorization","volume":"221","author":"Rafya","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2020.109242","article-title":"Impact of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction and Solvent Composition on Bioactive Compounds and in Vitro Biological Activities of Thyme and Rosemary","volume":"134","author":"Munekata","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"BSR20200992","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20200992","article-title":"Potential Antiviral Agents of Rosmarinus officinalis Extract against Herpes Viruses 1 and 2","volume":"40","author":"AlSadhan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40048","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-24071-y","article-title":"Rosemary Essential Oil: Chemical Composition, Antiviral, Cytotoxicity, and in Silico Molecular Docking Analysis against Tobacco Mosaic Virus","volume":"15","author":"Hamzah","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El Kharraf, S., Faleiro, M.L., Abdellah, F., El-Guendouz, S., El Hadrami, E.M., and Miguel, M.G. (2021). Simultaneous Hydrodistillation-Steam Distillation of Rosmarinus officinalis, Lavandula Angustifolia and Citrus Aurantium from Morocco, Major Terpenes: Impact on Biological Activities. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26185452"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Athanasiadis, V., Chatzimitakos, T., Mantiniotou, M., Kalompatsios, D., Kotsou, K., Makrygiannis, I., Bozinou, E., and Lalas, S.I. (2024). Optimization of Four Different Rosemary Extraction Techniques Using Plackett\u2013Burman Design and Comparison of Their Antioxidant Compounds. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25147708"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pallar\u00e9s, N., Berrada, H., Ferrer, E., Rached, W., Pinela, J., Mandim, F., Pires, T.C.S.P., Finimundy, T.C., Barba, F.J., and Barros, L. (2025). Green and Innovative Extraction: Phenolic Profiles and Biological Activities of Underutilized Plant Extracts Using Pulsed Electric Fields and Maceration. Foods, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14020222"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kiss, A., Papp, V.A., P\u00e1l, A., Prokisch, J., Mirani, S., Toth, B.E., and Alshaal, T. (2025). Comparative Study on Antioxidant Capacity of Diverse Food Matrices: Applicability, Suitability and Inter-Correlation of Multiple Assays to Assess Polyphenol and Antioxidant Status. Antioxidants, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14030317"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-019-0499-8","article-title":"Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Rosemary) as Therapeutic and Prophylactic Agent","volume":"26","author":"Camargo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, C., Zhang, J., Zhao, X., Zi, Y., and Xiao, X. (2025). Biotransformation of Phenolic Acids in Foods: Pathways, Key Enzymes, and Technological Applications. Foods, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14132187"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peixoto, J.A.B., \u00c1lvarez-Rivera, G., Alves, R.C., Costa, A.S.G., Machado, S., Cifuentes, A., Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, E., and Oliveira, M.B.P.P. (2021). Comprehensive Phenolic and Free Amino Acid Analysis of Rosemary Infusions: Influence on the Antioxidant Potential. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10030500"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jesus, A., Ratanji, S., Cidade, H., Sousa, E., Cruz, M.T., Oliveira, R., and Almeida, I.F. (2025). Phenolics as Active Ingredients in Skincare Products: A Myth or Reality?. Molecules, 30.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30071423"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.12911\/22998993\/145458","article-title":"Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil of Wild and Cultivated Rosmarinus officinalis from Two Moroccan Localities","volume":"23","author":"Elyemni","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Ecol. Eng."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1515\/ijfe-2013-0013","article-title":"Obtention of Rosemary Essential Oil Concentrates by Molecular Distillation and Free Radical Scavenging Capacity Analysis","volume":"9","author":"Mezza","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Eng."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"1934578X251399774","article-title":"Systematic Evaluation of Rosemary Essential Oil in Aromatherapy Practice: A Review","volume":"20","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2022.100217","article-title":"Terpenes and Terpenoids as Main Bioactive Compounds of Essential Oils, Their Roles in Human Health and Potential Application as Natural Food Preservatives","volume":"13","author":"Masyita","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem. X"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2026.107113","article-title":"Role of Terpenes and Terpenoids in Cross-Talk between Adipocyte Browning and Gut Microbiome in Obesity","volume":"190","author":"Pillay","year":"2026","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baptista, A., Menicucci, F., Brunetti, C., Dos Santos Nascimento, L.B., Pasquini, D., Alderotti, F., Detti, C., Ferrini, F., and Gori, A. (2024). Unlocking the Hidden Potential of Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus Spenn.): New Insights into Phenolics, Terpenes, and Antioxidants of Mediterranean Cultivars. Plants, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13233395"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, S., Wang, S.-T., Chen, G.-Y., Hsu, C., Chen, Y.-H., Tsai, H.-Y., Weng, T.-I., Chen, C.-L., Wu, Y.-F., and Su, N.-W. (2024). Monophosphate Derivatives of Luteolin and Apigenin as Efficient Precursors with Improved Oral Bioavailability in Rats. Antioxidants, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13121530"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jakovljevi\u0107, D., Warcho\u0142, M., and Skrzypek, E. (2025). Rosmarinic Acid as Bioactive Compound: Molecular and Physiological Aspects of Biosynthesis with Future Perspectives. Cells, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14110850"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mantzourani, C., Tarantilis, P.A., and Kokotou, M.G. (2023). Carnosic Acid and Carnosol: Analytical Methods for Their Determination in Plants, Foods and Biological Samples. Separations, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/separations10090481"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e196267","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.196267","article-title":"Carnosic Acid in Topical Rosemary Extract Enhances Skin Repair via TRPA1 Activation","volume":"10","author":"Rapp","year":"2025","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li Pomi, F., Papa, V., Borgia, F., Vaccaro, M., Allegra, A., Cicero, N., and Gangemi, S. (2023). Rosmarinus officinalis and Skin: Antioxidant Activity and Possible Therapeutical Role in Cutaneous Diseases. Antioxidants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12030680"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dinh-Hung, N., Khang, L.T.P., Wisetkaeo, S., Tran, N.T., Po-Tsang, L., Brown, C.L., Sangsawad, P., Dwinanti, S.H., Permpoonpattana, P., and Linh, N.V. (2025). Caffeic Acid as a Promising Natural Feed Additive: Advancing Sustainable Aquaculture. Biology, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology14091160"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, K.-L., Jeon, J.-H., Kim, Y., and Lim, K.-M. (2025). The Antioxidant and Skin-Brightening Effects of a Novel Caffeic Acid Derivative, Caffeic Acid-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylpropanolester. Antioxidants, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14070806"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacobo-Vel\u00e1zquez, D.A. (2025). Ferulic Acid: Mechanistic Insights and Multifaceted Applications in Metabolic Syndrome, Food Preservation, and Cosmetics. Molecules, 30.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30183716"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2023.102366","article-title":"Luteolin: A Flavone with Myriads of Bioactivities and Food Applications","volume":"52","author":"Kajla","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Biosci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2022.113390","article-title":"Apigenin and Its Dermatological Applications: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"203","author":"Mojaveri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"e2535","article-title":"The Functionality of Apigenin as a Novel Cardioprotective Nutraceutical with Emphasize on Regulating Cardiac Micro RNAs","volume":"11","author":"Esmati","year":"2022","journal-title":"Galen"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fang, Y., Xiang, W., Cui, J., Jiao, B., and Su, X. (2024). Anti-Inflammatory Properties of the Citrus Flavonoid Diosmetin: An Updated Review of Experimental Models. Molecules, 29.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29071521"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benali, T., Jaouadi, I., Ghchime, R., El Omari, N., Harboul, K., Hammani, K., Rebezov, M., Shariati, M.A., Mubarak, M.S., and Simal-Gandara, J. (2022). The Current State of Knowledge in Biological Properties of Cirsimaritin. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11091842"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alqudah, A., Qnais, E.Y., Wedyan, M.A., Altaber, S., Bseiso, Y., Oqal, M., AbuDalo, R., Alrosan, K., Alrosan, A.Z., and Bani Melhim, S. (2023). Isorhamnetin Reduces Glucose Level, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress in High-Fat Diet\/Streptozotocin Diabetic Mice Model. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28020502"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70028","DOI":"10.1002\/imm3.70028","article-title":"Isorhamnetin Alleviates Renal Fibrosis Induced by Renal Tubular Epithelial Cell Senescence via Inhibition of the IL-6\/IL-6R Signaling Pathway","volume":"2","author":"Liang","year":"2026","journal-title":"iMetaMed"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qin, X., Liu, X., Guo, C., Huang, L., and Xu, Q. (2024). Medioresinol from Eucommiae Cortex Improves Myocardial Infarction-Induced Heart Failure through Activation of the PI3K\/AKT\/MTOR Pathway: A Network Analysis and Experimental Study. PLoS ONE, 19.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0311143"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4286","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2022.2140331","article-title":"Extraction and Purification of \u03b1-Pinene; a Comprehensive Review","volume":"64","author":"Karimkhani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salehi, B., Upadhyay, S., Erdogan Orhan, I., Kumar Jugran, A., L.D. Jayaweera, S., A. Dias, D., Sharopov, F., Taheri, Y., Martins, N., and Baghalpour, N. (2019). Therapeutic Potential of \u03b1- and \u03b2-Pinene: A Miracle Gift of Nature. Biomolecules, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9110738"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1080\/87559129.2021.1936007","article-title":"In Vitro and in Vivo Biological Investigations of Camphene and Its Mechanism Insights: A Review","volume":"39","author":"Hachlafi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Rev. Int."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shabbir, A., and Parvinzadeh Gashti, M. (2026). Camphor\u2019s Therapeutic Uses and Potential Hazards: An in-Depth Review of Its Medicinal Applications. Molecules, 31.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31040648"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2026.108761","article-title":"Limonene as Bioactive Molecule: From Human Health Promotion to Natural Food Preservation","volume":"79","author":"Santos","year":"2026","journal-title":"Food Biosci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.63682\/jns.v14i32S.7329","article-title":"A Comprehensive Review on Limonene: A Versatile Ingredient in the Cosmetic Industry","volume":"14","author":"Tafseel","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Neonatal Surg."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115467","article-title":"1,8-Cineole (Eucalyptol): A Versatile Phytochemical with Therapeutic Applications across Multiple Diseases","volume":"167","author":"Hoch","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-8490.210329","article-title":"Investigation of Effect of 1,8-Cineole on Antimicrobial Activity of Chlorhexidine Gluconate","volume":"9","author":"Simsek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacogn. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.127791","article-title":"Analytical Techniques to Recognize Inclusion Complexes Formation Involving Monoterpenes and Cyclodextrins: A Study Case with (\u2013) Borneol, a Food Ingredient","volume":"339","author":"Santana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2008.06.031","article-title":"Fragrance Material Review on Borneol","volume":"46","author":"Bhatia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2021.131999","article-title":"Individual Stereoisomers of Verbenol and Verbenone Express Bioactive Features","volume":"1251","author":"Kovalenko","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, T., Xiang, Y., Quan, H., Liu, Y., Guo, C., and Quan, T. (2025). Ursolic Acid Inhibits Collagen Production and Promotes Collagen Degradation in Skin Dermal Fibroblasts: Potential Antifibrotic Effects. Biomolecules, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15030365"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101900","article-title":"Recent Developments on Ursolic Acid and Its Potential Biological Applications","volume":"14","author":"Arulnangai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Toxicol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lou, H., Li, H., Zhang, S., Lu, H., and Chen, Q. (2021). A Review on Preparation of Betulinic Acid and Its Biological Activities. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26185583"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1080\/11263504.2011.584075","article-title":"Glandular Trichomes of Rosmarinus officinalis L.: Anatomical and Phytochemical Analyses of Leaf Volatiles","volume":"145","author":"Boix","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plant Biosyst."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Wang, D., Li, H., Bai, H., Sun, M., and Shi, L. (2023). Formation Mechanism of Glandular Trichomes Involved in the Synthesis and Storage of Terpenoids in Lavender. BMC Plant Biol., 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-023-04275-y"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00c7etin, T. (2026). Use of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) Plant as Impregnation in Wood Material and Retention Values. Front. For. Glob. Change, 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/ffgc.2026.1792325"},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"186","article-title":"Effect of Different Drying Methods and Distillation Times on Essential Oil Composition and Antioxidant Content of Rosemary","volume":"22","author":"Bayar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Akad. Gida"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yeddes, W., Ouerghemmi, I., Hammami, M., Gadhoumi, H., Affes, T.G., Nait Mohamed, S., Aidi-Wannes, W., Witrowa-Rajchert, D., Saidani-Tounsi, M., and Nowacka, M. (2022). Optimizing the Method of Rosemary Essential Oils Extraction by Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)-Characterization and Toxicological Assessment. Sustainability, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/su14073927"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vella, F.M., and Laratta, B. (2023). Rosemary Essential Oil Extraction and Residue Valorization by Means of Polyphenol Recovery. Biol. Life Sci. Forum, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/Foods2023-15024"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3305","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-07298-x","article-title":"Seasonal Variability in Essential Oil Composition and Biological Activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Accessions in the Western Himalaya","volume":"12","author":"Rathore","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"732","article-title":"Assessment of the Chemical\/Biological Activities of Extracts and Essential Oil of Rosmarinus officinalis L. from the Oriental Region of Morocco","volume":"8","author":"Oussaid","year":"2020","journal-title":"Moroc. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"01","DOI":"10.33140\/IJCMER.04.01.02","article-title":"Comparison of Ammonia and Water Vapor Steam Distillation for Thin Layer Chromatography of Essential Oils from Rosmarinus Officinalis, Salvia Officinalis, and Lavandula Species","volume":"4","author":"Frazione","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Med. Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"9609","article-title":"Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activity of Rosemary Essential Oil","volume":"8","author":"Khalil","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Angiother."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3579","DOI":"10.1007\/s11694-023-01859-y","article-title":"Comparing Two Different Extraction Techniques on Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Property of Three Essential Oils of Ferulago contracta, Rosmarinus officinalis and Lavendula sublepoidota","volume":"17","author":"Keivanfar","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Food Meas. Charact."},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"171","article-title":"Extraction Essential Oils from Ocimum gratissimum L., Ocimum basilicum L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. Cultivated in Vietnam Using Steam Distillation Method","volume":"65","author":"Hai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.afres.2022.100133","article-title":"Extraction of Essential Oil from Rosemary Leaves: Optimization by Response Surface Methodology and Mathematical Modeling","volume":"2","author":"Teshale","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25709","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-17612-1","article-title":"Study of the Energetic, Exergetic, and Thermal Balances of a Solar Distillation Unit in Comparison with a Conventional System during the Distillation of Rosemary Leaves","volume":"29","author":"Ezzarrouqy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012051","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/991\/1\/012051","article-title":"The Extraction of Rosemary Essential Oil by Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation Method","volume":"991","author":"Dinh","year":"2020","journal-title":"IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"129","article-title":"Application of Response Surface Methodology to Optimize the Extraction of Essential Oil from Rosmarinus officinalis Using Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation","volume":"11","author":"Elyemni","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Appl. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/6308773","article-title":"Combined Effects of Domestication and Extraction Technique on Essential Oil Yield, Chemical Profiling, and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.)","volume":"2023","author":"Sakar","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Food Biochem."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dheyab, A.S., Kanaan, M.Q., Hussein, N.A., AlOmar, M.K., Sabran, S.F., and Abu Bakar, M.F. (2022). Antimycobacterial Activity of Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) Extracted by Deep Eutectic Solvents. Separations, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/separations9100271"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1080\/10412905.2021.1873867","article-title":"The Influence of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent Glyceline on the Yield, Chemical Composition and Antioxidative Activity of Essential Oil from Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Leaves","volume":"33","author":"Troter","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Essent. Oil Res."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y., Huang, L., Xu, Y., Cheng, B., and Zhao, M. (2024). Optimization of Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of Rosemary Essential Oil Using Response Surface Methodology and Its Antioxidant Activity by Activating Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Molecules, 29.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29143382"},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"65","article-title":"Effect of Enzyme-Assisted Extraction on Yield, Composition, and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils from Rosmarinus officinalis L. Grown in Lam Dong Province, Viet Nam","volume":"14","author":"Thuy","year":"2022","journal-title":"CTU J. Innov. Sustain. Dev."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christaki, S., Bouloumpasi, E., Lalidou, E., Chatzopoulou, P., and Irakli, M. (2022). Bioactive Profile of Distilled Solid By-Products of Rosemary, Greek Sage and Spearmint as Affected by Distillation Methods. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27249058"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma, Y., Velamuri, R., Fagan, J., and Schaefer, J. (2020). Full-Spectrum Analysis of Bioactive Compounds in Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) as Influenced by Different Extraction Methods. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25204599"},{"key":"ref_76","first-page":"59","article-title":"In Vitro Screening for Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition and Antioxidant Potential in Different Extracts of Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.)","volume":"10","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biol. Act. Prod. From Nat."},{"key":"ref_77","first-page":"8441","article-title":"Effects of Extraction Technique and Solvent on Phytochemicals, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities of Cultivated and Wild Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) from Taounate Region (Northern Morocco)","volume":"12","author":"Zeroual","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biointerface Res. Appl. Chem."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hirondart, M., Rombaut, N., Fabiano-Tixier, A.S., Bily, A., and Chemat, F. (2020). Comparison between Pressurized Liquid Extraction and Conventional Soxhlet Extraction for Rosemary Antioxidants, Yield, Composition, and Environmental Footprint. Foods, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9050584"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1007\/s12161-022-02421-0","article-title":"Fast Quantitative Determination of Principal Phenolic Anti-Oxidants in Rosemary Using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction and Chemometrics-Enhanced HPLC\u2013DAD Method","volume":"16","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Anal. Methods"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Psarrou, I., Oreopoulou, A., Tsimogiannis, D., Oreopoulou, V., and Schmidt, T.J. (2020). Extraction Kinetics of Phenolic Antioxidants from the Hydro Distillation Residues of Rosemary and Effect of Pretreatment and Extraction Parameters. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25194520"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifset.2021.102644","article-title":"The Effect of Pulsed Electric Field as a Pre-Treatment Step in Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Fresh Rosemary and Thyme by-Products","volume":"69","author":"Tzima","year":"2021","journal-title":"Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boufetacha, M., Gharibi, E., and Benali, M. (2025). Optimising Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Rosmarinic Acid from Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Enhancing Yield Through Soxhlet Coupling. Processes, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/pr13030655"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2024.106344","article-title":"Selective Extraction of Carnosic Acid, Carnosol, and Rosmarinic Acid from Rosmarinus officinalis L. Using Supercritical Fluid and Their Antioxidant Activity","volume":"212","author":"Boufetacha","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2020.461709","article-title":"Sequential Extraction of Carnosic Acid, Rosmarinic Acid and Pigments (Carotenoids and Chlorophylls) from Rosemary by Online Supercritical Fluid Extraction-Supercritical Fluid Chromatography","volume":"1639","author":"Lefebvre","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4495","DOI":"10.1039\/D4NJ05554C","article-title":"Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Extraction of Rosemary Leaves: Optimization Using Central Composite Design and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities","volume":"49","author":"Hashempur","year":"2025","journal-title":"New J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2024.125167","article-title":"Eco-Friendly Extraction of Six Different Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Genotypes-Using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents: Optimization and Modeling via Response Surface Methodology (RSM)","volume":"407","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vieira, C., Rebocho, S., Craveiro, R., Paiva, A., and Duarte, A.R.C. (2022). Selective Extraction and Stabilization of Bioactive Compounds from Rosemary Leaves Using a Biphasic NADES. Front. Chem., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2022.954835"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12132","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.0c03553","article-title":"Using COSMO-RS in the Design of Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Extraction of Antioxidants from Rosemary","volume":"8","author":"Wojeicchowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2020.117975","article-title":"Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Rosemary Using Choline Chloride\u2014Based Deep Eutectic Solvents","volume":"258","author":"Wojeicchowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2019.112049","article-title":"Deep Eutectic Solvents Applied in the Extraction and Stabilization of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Phenolic Compounds","volume":"144","author":"Barbieri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s11696-021-01862-x","article-title":"Green Extraction of Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids from Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) and Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Using Deep Eutectic Solvents","volume":"76","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Pap."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pontillo, A.R.N., Papakosta-Tsigkri, L., Lymperopoulou, T., Mamma, D., Kekos, D., and Detsi, A. (2021). Conventional and Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of Rosemary Leaves (Rosmarinus officinalis L.): Toward a Greener Approach to High Added-Value Extracts. Appl. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/app11083724"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15221","DOI":"10.1111\/jfpp.15221","article-title":"Optimization of Aqueous Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of Rosmarinic Acid from Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Leaves and the Antioxidant Activity of the Extract","volume":"45","author":"Nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Food Process. Preserv."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guelifet, K., Kherraz, K., Messaoudi, M., Ferhat, M.A., Khattabi, L., Bendrihem, K.A., Zahnit, W., Addad, D., Benmohamed, M., and Azoudj, Y. (2025). Seasonal and Extraction-Dependent Variation in the Composition and Bioactivity of Essential Oils from Wild Rosmarinus officinalis L.. Molecules, 30.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30214258"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2023.135629","article-title":"A Comprehensive Review on Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) as a Potential Source of Nutraceuticals for Food Formulations: Towards the Polishing of Gingerol and Other Present Biomolecules","volume":"413","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2023.103052","article-title":"Extraction Pathways and Purification Strategies towards Carminic Acid as Natural-Based Food Colorant: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"323","author":"Jafari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laina, K.T., Drosou, C., Stergiopoulos, C., Eleni, P.M., and Krokida, M. (2024). Optimization of Combined Ultrasound and Microwave-Assisted Extraction for Enhanced Bioactive Compounds Recovery from Four Medicinal Plants: Oregano, Rosemary, Hypericum, and Chamomile. Molecules, 29.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29235773"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herzyk, F., Pi\u0142akowska-Pietras, D., and Korzeniowska, M. (2024). Supercritical Extraction Techniques for Obtaining Biologically Active Substances from a Variety of Plant Byproducts. Foods, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13111713"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2537","DOI":"10.13005\/ojc\/330549","article-title":"Supercritical Fluid Extraction as a Technique to Obtain Essential Oil from Rosmarinus officinalis L.","volume":"33","author":"Khalili","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orient J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2005.01.009","article-title":"Supercritical Fluid Extraction from Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis): Kinetic Data, Extract\u2019s Global Yield, Composition, and Antioxidant Activity","volume":"35","author":"Carvalho","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifset.2011.01.004","article-title":"Supercritical CO2 Fractionation of Rosemary Ethanolic Oleoresins as a Method to Improve Carnosic Acid Recovery","volume":"12","author":"Cismondi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rineng.2025.107422","article-title":"Eco-Friendly Extraction and Antioxidant Profiling of Rosmarinus officinalis L.: Advances in Supercritical Fluid Extraction, DFT, and ADMET Analyses","volume":"28","author":"Ghedira","year":"2025","journal-title":"Results Eng."},{"key":"ref_103","first-page":"1583","article-title":"Comparison of Chemical Composition of Essential Oil of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Obtained By Three Extraction Methods: Hydrodistillation, Steam Distillation, and Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation","volume":"66","author":"Ngan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Irakli, M., Skendi, A., Bouloumpasi, E., Christaki, S., Biliaderis, C.G., and Chatzopoulou, P. (2023). Sustainable Recovery of Phenolic Compounds from Distilled Rosemary By-Product Using Green Extraction Methods: Optimization, Comparison, and Antioxidant Activity. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28186669"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Usman, M., Nakagawa, M., and Cheng, S. (2023). Emerging Trends in Green Extraction Techniques for Bioactive Natural Products. Processes, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/pr11123444"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, S., Yu, Y., Jo, Y., Han, J.H., Xue, Y., Cho, M., Bae, S.-J., Ryu, D., Park, W., and Ha, K.-T. (2025). Impact of Extraction Techniques on Phytochemical Composition and Bioactivity of Natural Product Mixtures. Front. Pharmacol., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1615338"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2025.107712","article-title":"Ultrasound and Microwave Assisted Extraction of Bioactives from Food Wastes: An Overview on Their Comparative Analysis towards Commercialization","volume":"124","author":"Nayak","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ultrason. Sonochem."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khaw, K.-Y., Parat, M.-O., Shaw, P.N., and Falconer, J.R. (2017). Solvent Supercritical Fluid Technologies to Extract Bioactive Compounds from Natural Sources: A Review. Molecules, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22071186"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ribeiro, B.S., Ferreira, M.d.F., Moreira, J.L., and Santos, L. (2021). Simultaneous Distillation\u2013Extraction of Essential Oils from Rosmarinus officinalis L.. Cosmetics, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics8040117"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rechem.2026.103221","article-title":"Overview of Extraction Methods for Phytochemicals: Principles, Applications, and Future Directions","volume":"24","author":"Alelah","year":"2026","journal-title":"Results Chem."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Travis, C.R., McMaster, J., and Rivas, F. (2026). Advances in Natural Product Extraction: Established and Emerging Technologies. Molecules, 31.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31071136"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2011.09.029","article-title":"Assisted Extraction of Rosemary Antioxidants with Green Solvents","volume":"109","author":"Visentin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Food Eng."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bouammali, H., Zraibi, L., Ziani, I., Merzouki, M., Bourassi, L., Fraj, E., Challioui, A., Azzaoui, K., Sabbahi, R., and Hammouti, B. (2024). Rosemary as a Potential Source of Natural Antioxidants and Anticancer Agents: A Molecular Docking Study. Plants, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13010089"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2015.09.015","article-title":"Current Applications and New Opportunities for the Use of Pulsed Electric Fields in Food Science and Industry","volume":"77","author":"Barba","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2025.11.005","article-title":"A Deep Dive into Herbal Extraction: Techniques, Trends, and Technological Advancements","volume":"188","author":"Ahmed","year":"2026","journal-title":"South Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.focha.2026.101254","article-title":"Extraction of Plant Bioactive Compounds Using Ionic Liquid Technique and Its Application in the Food Industry and Its Comparison with Other Modern Extraction Methods","volume":"10","author":"Azarhoosh","year":"2026","journal-title":"Food Chem. Adv."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y., Yang, R., Xiang, H., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Z., and Hu, N. (2026). Green Recovery of Rosmarinic Acid via Whey Soy Protein-Mediated Foam Fractionation: Molecular Mechanisms and Enhanced Antioxidant Activity. Foods, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15142525"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.130282","article-title":"A Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents-Based Integrated Method for Efficient and Green Extraction and Recovery of Natural Products from Rosmarinus officinalis Leaves, Ginkgo Biloba Leaves and Salvia Miltiorrhiza Roots","volume":"363","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2025.128211","article-title":"Using COSMO-RS in the Design of Deep Eutectic Solvents for Improving the Solubilization of Water Insoluble Drugs","volume":"436","author":"Mahavishnu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mantiniotou, M., Athanasiadis, V., Liakos, K.G., Bozinou, E., and Lalas, S.I. (2025). Artificial Intelligence and Extraction of Bioactive Compounds: The Case of Rosemary and Pressurized Liquid Extraction. Processes, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/pr13061879"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rineng.2025.108913","article-title":"Green Extraction of Natural Products: A Bibliometric Review of Global Research Trends, Technological Advances, and Environmental Implications","volume":"29","author":"Alazaiza","year":"2026","journal-title":"Results Eng."},{"key":"ref_122","first-page":"100721","article-title":"Predictive Modelling and Optimization of Green Solvent Extraction and Isolation of Antioxidants from Rosemary Leaves: Integrating RSM, GPR, and ANN","volume":"53","author":"Bouizgma","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Appl. Res. Med. Aromat. Plants"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2927","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2018.1478796","article-title":"Membrane-Based Technologies for Meeting the Recovery of Biologically Active Compounds from Foods and Their by-Products","volume":"59","author":"Conidi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Savic, S., Petrovic, S., and Knezevic-Jugovic, Z. (2026). Separation Strategies for Polyphenols from Plant Extracts: Advances, Challenges, and Applications. Separations, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/separations13020046"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2023.117906","article-title":"New Trends in Extraction-Process Intensification: Hybrid and Sequential Green Technologies","volume":"209","author":"Capaldi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2026.123038","article-title":"Advancing Sustainable Bioeconomy: Integrative Biorefinery Pathways for Circular Valorization of Agro-Industrial Residues","volume":"243","author":"Sun","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2463","DOI":"10.1039\/D5SU00695C","article-title":"Recovery of Bioactive Plant Compounds from Biomass Waste Using Sustainable Methods: A Review","volume":"4","year":"2026","journal-title":"RSC Sustain."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1080\/10412905.2024.2320350","article-title":"Impact of Hydrodistillation and Steam Distillation on the Yield and Chemical Composition of Essential Oils and Their Comparison with Modern Isolation Techniques","volume":"36","author":"Makhzoum","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Essent. Oil Res."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2026.129802","article-title":"A Sustainable Biphasic Deep Eutectic Solvent System Coupled with Ultrasound-Assisted Emulsification for Enhanced Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Rosmarinus officinalis","volume":"457","author":"Ali","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ty\u015bkiewicz, K., Konkol, M., and R\u00f3j, E. (2018). The Application of Supercritical Fluid Extraction in Phenolic Compounds Isolation from Natural Plant Materials. Molecules, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23102625"},{"key":"ref_131","first-page":"100173","article-title":"Integrated Biorefinery Approaches for the Sustainable Valorization of Agricultural Residues into Biofuels, Bioplastics, and Bioactive Compounds","volume":"8","author":"Gautam","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sustain. Chem. Clim. Action"},{"key":"ref_132","first-page":"328","article-title":"A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Novel Technologies: Extraction of Essential Oils from Rosemary Leaves","volume":"56","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sustain. Prod. Consum."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hrebie\u0144-Filisi\u0144ska, A.M., and Przybylska, S. (2025). Assessment of Stability and Degradation Kinetics of Carnosic and Rosmarinic Acid in Edible Oil and Its Effectiveness as an Extraction Medium Compared to Other Solvents. Molecules, 30.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30224394"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2025.116360","article-title":"Sustainable Extraction: A Comprehensive Review of Advancements beyond Conventional Methods","volume":"220","author":"Nair","year":"2026","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5228","DOI":"10.1039\/D5RA08854B","article-title":"Deep Eutectic Solvents in E-Waste Recycling: Preparation, Properties, and Hydrometallurgical Metal Recovery","volume":"16","author":"Moganti","year":"2026","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sampre.2025.100172","article-title":"Advances in Microextraction Techniques Utilizing Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Extraction of Antibiotics","volume":"14","author":"Uddin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sample Prep."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2009.08.001","article-title":"Dietary Administration of Ewe Diets with a Distillate from Rosemary Leaves (Rosmarinus officinalis L.): Influence on Lamb Meat Quality","volume":"84","author":"Nieto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Meat Sci."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1080\/1828051X.2021.1906165","article-title":"Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Rosemary Oil on Methanogenic Bacteria Density, Blood and Rumen Parameters and Meat Quality of Fattening Lambs","volume":"20","author":"Karaca","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ital. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_139","first-page":"e15997","article-title":"Color Stability and Lipid Oxidation in Pork Sausage as Affected by Rosemary Extract and Phospholipase A2: A Possible Role for Depletion of Neutral Lipid Hydroperoxides","volume":"46","author":"Whalin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Food Process. Preserv."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kong, F., Wang, S., Dai, D., Cao, Z., Wang, Y., Li, S., and Wang, W. (2022). Preliminary Investigation of the Effects of Rosemary Extract Supplementation on Milk Production and Rumen Fermentation in High-Producing Dairy Cows. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11091715"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali, H.I., Dey, M., Alzubaidi, A.K., Alneamah, S.J.A., Altemimi, A.B., and Pratap-Singh, A. (2021). Effect of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Supplementation on Probiotic Yoghurt: Physicochemical Properties, Microbial Content, and Sensory Attributes. Foods, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10102393"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Tom\u00e9, M., Cede\u00f1o-Pinos, C., Ba\u00f1\u00f3n, S., and Jim\u00e9nez-Monreal, A.M. (2022). Rosemary Extracts Improved the Antioxidant Status of Low-Fat Yoghurt Sauces Enriched with Inulin. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11040789"},{"key":"ref_143","first-page":"1023","article-title":"Antioxidant Effect of Dehydrated Rosemary Leaves in Ripened Semi-Hard Cheese: A Study Using Coupled TG e DSC e FTIR (EGA)","volume":"63","author":"Tolentino","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nutrizio, M., Juri, S., and Jambrak, A.R. (2023). Encapsulation of Rosemary Extracts Using High Voltage Electrical Discharge in Calcium Alginate\/Zein\/Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Microparticles. Foods, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12081570"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/nutraceuticals2010001","article-title":"Formulation of Rosemary Extracts through Spray-Drying Encapsulation or Emulsification","volume":"2","author":"Kanakidi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutraceuticals"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3969","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.1258","article-title":"Effects of Encapsulated Rosemary Extract on Oxidative and Microbiological Stability of Beef Meat during Refrigerated Storage","volume":"7","author":"Ariaii","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.073","article-title":"Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Chitosan Films Enriched with Aqueous Sage and Rosemary Extracts as Food Coating Materials: Characterization of the Films and Detection of Rosmarinic Acid Release","volume":"217","author":"Kahya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2108707","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/2108707","article-title":"The Effect of Active Packaging Film Based on Chitosan Containing Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Extract on Cheese Shelf Life","volume":"2024","author":"Ghasemian","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Food Biochem."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.050","article-title":"Furcellaran\/Gelatin Hydrolysate\/Rosemary Extract Composite Films as Active and Intelligent Packaging Materials","volume":"131","author":"Jancikova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, J., Li, T., Li, F., Qiang, H., Wei, X., Zhan, R., and Chen, Y. (2024). The Applications and Mechanisms of Rosmarinus officinalis L. in the Management of Different Wounds and UV-Irradiated Skin. Front. Pharmacol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1461790"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31511","DOI":"10.1039\/D0RA06047J","article-title":"Using an UPLC\/MS-Based Untargeted Metabolomics Approach for Assessing the Antioxidant Capacity and Anti-Aging Potential of Selected Herbs","volume":"10","author":"Salem","year":"2020","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_152","first-page":"130","article-title":"Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Rosemary Oil in Dermatological Application","volume":"14","author":"Devuluri","year":"2025","journal-title":"World J. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01723-25","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01723-25","article-title":"Can Essential Oils Effectively Control Skin Bacteria? Unveiling Their Powerful Antimicrobial Effects","volume":"14","author":"Lopes","year":"2026","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miranda, D.G., Carrouel, F., Silva, T.C.A., Rozzatto, M.C., Hasna, A.A., Santos, C.E.R., Morais, F.V., de Oliveira, L.D., and de Paula Ramos, L. (2024). New Insights into Cutaneous Asepsis: Synergism between Pfaffia and Rosemary Extracts. Antibiotics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13030226"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2019.11.006","article-title":"Antimicrobial Activity of Certain Natural-Based Plant Oils against the Antibiotic-Resistant Acne Bacteria","volume":"27","author":"Esmael","year":"2020","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Navarro, P., Castillo, J., Jones, J., Garc\u00eda, A., and Caturla, N. (2025). Skin Photoprotection and Anti-Aging Benefits of a Combination of Rosemary and Grapefruit Extracts: Evidence from In Vitro Models and Human Study. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26094001"},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sahlabgi, A., Lupuliasa, D., Stanciu, G., Lup\u0219or, S., Vlaia, L.L., Rotariu, R., Predescu, N.C., R\u0103dulescu, C., Olteanu, R.L., and St\u0103nescu, S.G. (2025). The Development and Comparative Evaluation of Rosemary Hydroalcoholic Macerate-Based Dermatocosmetic Preparations: A Study on Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties. Gels, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/gels11030149"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20201058","DOI":"10.1590\/0001-3765202220201058","article-title":"Rosmarinus officinalis Extract-Loaded Emulgel Prevents UVB Irradiation Damage to the Skin","volume":"94","author":"Takayama","year":"2022","journal-title":"An. Acad. Bras. Cienc."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez-Marzo, N., P\u00e9rez-S\u00e1nchez, A., Barraj\u00f3n-Catal\u00e1n, E., Castillo, J., and Herranz-L\u00f3pez, M. (2020). Rosemary Diterpenes and Flavanone Aglycones Provide Improved Genoprotection against UV-Induced DNA Damage in a Human Skin Cell Model. Antioxidants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9030255"},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silva-Flores, P.G., Galindo-Rodr\u00edguez, S.A., P\u00e9rez-L\u00f3pez, L.A., and \u00c1lvarez-Rom\u00e1n, R. (2023). Development of Essential Oil-Loaded Polymeric Nanocapsules as Skin Delivery Systems: Biophysical Parameters and Dermatokinetics Ex Vivo Evaluation. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28207142"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e08632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e08632","article-title":"Entrapment of Rosemary Extract by Liposomes Formulated by Mozafari Method: Physicochemical Characterization and Optimization","volume":"7","author":"Jahanfar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_162","first-page":"13","article-title":"In-Vitro Comparison Release Study of Novel Liposome and Conventional Formulation Containing Rosmarinus officinalis Extract","volume":"4","author":"Aslan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Perspect. Med. Aromat. Plants"},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S500487","article-title":"Alopecia Management Potential of Rosemary-Based Nanoemulgel Loaded with Metformin: Approach Combining Active Essential Oil and Repurposed Drug","volume":"20","author":"Abla","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Noor, A., Jamil, S., Sadeq, T.W., Mohammed Ameen, M.S., and Kohli, K. (2023). Development and Evaluation of Nanoformulations Containing Timur Oil and Rosemary Oil for Treatment of Topical Fungal Infections. Gels, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9070516"},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.24198\/ijpst.v10i1.35770","article-title":"Antibacterial Activity of Rosemary Oil Against Propionibacterium Acnes and The Formulation into Nanoemulsion System","volume":"10","author":"Priani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indones. J. Pharm. Sci. Technol."}],"container-title":["Foods"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/15\/18\/3247\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T04:13:42Z","timestamp":1789964022000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/15\/18\/3247"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"references-count":165,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["foods15183247"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods15183247","relation":{},"ISSN":["2304-8158"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2304-8158","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]}}}