{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:03:35Z","timestamp":1792789415633,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":140,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Mihai I\u201d from Timi\u0219oara, Rom\u00e2nia","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02pjx9m11","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02pjx9m11","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) are widely cultivated due to their storability, adaptability to diverse climatic conditions, versatility, and affordability. In addition to these agronomic advantages, apples are a significant dietary source of nutrients and bioactive compounds, particularly polyphenols, a major class of phytochemicals with several beneficial health effects. The aim of this study was to quantify and compare the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of peel and flesh of eighteen traditional old apple cultivars from the Banat region of Romania, evaluate their antioxidant activity, and characterize the colour parameters and individual phenolic profiles of two selected cultivars. The results showed considerable variation among cultivars, with \u2018Caslere\u2019 and \u2018M\u0103r de Jupani\u2019 exhibiting the highest contents of bioactive compounds. Across the 18 cultivars, phenolic contents ranged from 218.17\u20131497.35 \u00b5g gallic acid equivalents (GAE)\/g dry matter (DM) in the peel and 323.54\u20131111.65 \u00b5g GAE\/g DM in the flesh, while flavonoid contents ranged from 1157.43\u20134796.05 and 1426.01\u20133697.16 \u00b5g rutin equivalents (RE)\/g DM, respectively. Antioxidant activity ranged from 33.55\u201399.51% in the peel and 44.41\u201388.88% in the flesh, highlighting pronounced tissue-specific differences in bioactive compound distribution. Positive correlation was found between phenolic content and antioxidant activity. High-performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed cultivar-specific phenolic profiles, with rosmarinic acid and resveratrol among the predominant compounds, while epicatechin was particularly abundant in the peel of \u2018Caslere\u2019 cultivar. Colour analysis further demonstrated distinct differences between the two cultivars, reflecting variation in peel pigmentation and biochemical composition. These findings highlight the nutritional and functional value of traditional apple cultivars and support their conservation and valorization as valuable genetic resources and sources of health-promoting phytochemicals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15183285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T09:59:03Z","timestamp":1789639143000},"page":"3285","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of Total Phenols, Flavonoids, and Antioxidant Activity in the Peel and Flesh of Old Apple Cultivars"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Tamara Edina","family":"Gal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School of Engineering of Plant and Animal Resources, Horticulture, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Mihai I\u201d from Timisoara, 119 Aradului Avenue, 300629 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8287-0637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orsolya","family":"Borsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horticulture and Landscape, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3\u20135 M\u0103n\u0103\u0219tur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3096-0232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camelia","family":"Tulcan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Technologies, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Mihai I\u201d from Timisoara, 119 Aradului Avenue, 300629 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta Maria","family":"Tripon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School of Engineering of Plant and Animal Resources, Biotechnologies, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Mihai I\u201d from Timisoara, 119 Aradului Avenue, 300629 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7268-7847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florin Adrian","family":"Huiban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School of Engineering of Plant and Animal Resources, Biotechnologies, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Mihai I\u201d from Timisoara, 119 Aradului Avenue, 300629 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8665-0394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ionu\u021b","family":"Dasc\u0103lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Technologies, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Mihai I\u201d from Timisoara, 119 Aradului Avenue, 300629 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alin Ionel","family":"Dobrei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Technologies, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Mihai I\u201d from Timisoara, 119 Aradului Avenue, 300629 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olimpia Alina","family":"Iord\u0103nescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Technologies, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Mihai I\u201d from Timisoara, 119 Aradului Avenue, 300629 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"Evaluation of fruit mineral contents of two apple cultivars grown in organic and integrated production systems","volume":"1281","author":"Meland","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Hortic."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vall\u00e9e Marcotte, B., Verheyde, M., Pomerleau, S., Doyen, A., and Couillard, C. 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