{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T15:09:54Z","timestamp":1790003394764,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Grapes are valued for their high anthocyanin content, but the biological efficacy of these compounds is limited by their low digestive recovery. This study evaluated whether milk caseins improve the digestive recovery of anthocyanins from three red grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars. Anthocyanins were profiled by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS, total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacity were determined spectrophotometrically, the effect on cell viability was assessed on B16-F10 murine melanoma cells, and the digestive recovery of anthocyanins was measured after standardized static in vitro digestion (INFOGEST protocol) with and without \u03b1- or \u03b2-casein. Thirteen anthocyanins were detected, with malvidin-3-O-glucoside predominating in all cultivars. Feteasc\u0103 Neagr\u0103 showed the highest total phenolic content (535.01 \u00b1 38.43 mg gallic acid equivalents\/100 g fresh weight), flavonoid content (202.52 \u00b1 30.61 mg catechin equivalents\/100 g) and antioxidant activity, and its extract reduced melanoma cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner, with viability remaining above 50% over the range tested. Total anthocyanin recovery during digestion decreased from 43.29\u201346.22% after the gastric phase to 8.82\u201312.25% after the intestinal phase. \u03b1-Casein significantly increased these values to 53.48\u201355.84% and 15.58\u201324.74%, respectively, in all cultivars. \u03b2-Casein had no significant effect in the gastric phase and was effective only in Pinot Noir after the intestinal phase (10.51% to 19.10%). \u03b1-Casein thus limited the intestinal degradation of grape anthocyanins, while cultivar composition determined the extent of the effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15183295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T14:12:09Z","timestamp":1789999929000},"page":"3295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u03b1- and \u03b2-Casein Differentially Protect Anthocyanins from Three Red Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Cultivars During Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9391-8957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cosmin-Alin","family":"Faur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, M\u0103n\u0103\u0219tur 3\u20135, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9914-2070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adela","family":"Pintea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, M\u0103n\u0103\u0219tur 3\u20135, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4881-3273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dumitri\u021ba","family":"Rugin\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, M\u0103n\u0103\u0219tur 3\u20135, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2341-9042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihai Andrei","family":"L\u0103c\u0103tu\u0219","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, M\u0103n\u0103\u0219tur 3\u20135, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melinda Milena","family":"Horvat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Ha\u0163ieganu Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babe\u015f Street 8, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Bunea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, M\u0103n\u0103\u0219tur 3\u20135, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2021.100149","article-title":"Grape Bioactive Molecules, and the Potential Health Benefits in Reducing the Risk of Heart Diseases","volume":"12","author":"Sabra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Chem. 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