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In this study, we evaluated skim milk fermented with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus KF7 (KF7-fermented milk) in APP\/PS1 transgenic mice. KF7-fermented milk was associated with better cognitive performance and lower amyloid-\u03b2 plaque burden in APP\/PS1 mice. The intervention was also associated with higher whole-blood 5-hydroxytryptamine, lower cerebral glutamate, lower whole-blood expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and less pronounced cortical microglial and astrocytic activation. In the intestine, KF7-fermented milk was associated with higher expression of selected barrier-related genes. Microbiome analysis showed differences in gut microbial composition, while fecal metabolomics identified secondary bile acid biosynthesis as the strongest FDR-supported pathway associated with the intervention. Overall, KF7-fermented milk was associated with differences in cognitive, pathological, inflammatory, intestinal, microbial, and metabolic features in APP\/PS1 mice. These findings provide preclinical evidence supporting further investigation of KF7-fermented milk as a food-based intervention relevant to gut\u2013brain health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15183304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T14:12:09Z","timestamp":1789999929000},"page":"3304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus KF7-Fermented Milk on Cognitive Function, Gut Microbiota, and Fecal Metabolism in APP\/PS1 Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0391-0323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yilin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201103, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3777-087X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenmin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201103, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Chunping","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201103, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12694","article-title":"Global estimates on the number of persons across the Alzheimer\u2019s disease continuum","volume":"19","author":"Gustavsson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7964","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-0269-5","article-title":"Targeting CCR3 to reduce amyloid-\u03b2 production, tau hyperphosphorylation, and synaptic loss in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"54","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. 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