{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T15:09:39Z","timestamp":1790003379377,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/OCEETA\/1785\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/OCEETA\/1785\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/276\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/276\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0059\/2020-AL4ANIMALS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0059\/2020-AL4ANIMALS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04462\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04462\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0087\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0087\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["PTDC\/OCEETA\/1785\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/OCEETA\/1785\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00snfqn58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["UID\/276\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/276\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00snfqn58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["LA\/P\/0059\/2020-AL4ANIMALS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0059\/2020-AL4ANIMALS"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00snfqn58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["UIDB\/04462\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04462\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00snfqn58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["LA\/P\/0087\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0087\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00snfqn58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Portuguese Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) cheeses from Azeit\u00e3o and Nisa harbor unique autochthonous microbial communities integral to their terroir, sensory identity, and authenticity. Rediscovering and preserving this microbial heritage is essential for safeguarding traditional cheesemaking practices and unlocking the biotechnological potential of indigenous microorganisms. This study used a polyphasic approach to isolate, preserve, and functionally characterize lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from these cheeses, aiming both to conserve autochthonous microbial resources and evaluate their suitability for food applications and preliminary probiotic-related traits. From 2304 bacterial isolates, 119 representative LAB were selected and screened for safety based on hemolytic and gelatinolytic activities and antimicrobial susceptibility. Technological potential was assessed through acidification, proteolytic and lipolytic activities, and antagonism against foodborne pathogens, while probiotic traits were evaluated via tolerance to acidic pH and bile salts, survival under simulated gastrointestinal conditions, and auto- and co-aggregation. Thirty-nine isolates exhibited desirable technological traits, including proteolytic and lipolytic activities and broad-spectrum pathogen antagonism. Among these, three isolates (two Leuconostoc mesenteroides and one Enterococcus hirae) combined desirable technological traits with survival under simulated gastrointestinal conditions, representing preliminary multifunctional candidates. These findings reveal Azeit\u00e3o and Nisa PDO cheeses as living reservoirs of terroir, where indigenous LAB rediscovered through this approach represent both a key component of Portugal\u2019s microbial heritage and a source of functional cultures for sustainable dairy innovation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15183322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T14:12:09Z","timestamp":1789999929000},"page":"3322","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Terroir Rediscovered: A Polyphasic Approach to Autochthonous Lactic Acid Bacteria as Functional and Microbial Heritage Resources in Portuguese PDO Cheeses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6715-5643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana","family":"Serrano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA\u2014Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"AL4AnimalS\u2014Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8944-3235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana Monteiro","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA\u2014Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"AL4AnimalS\u2014Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"INIAV\u2014National Institute of Agricultural and Veterinary Research, I.P., 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3526-0780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cinthia","family":"Alves-Barroco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5741-3956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana","family":"Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology of Human Pathogens, ITQB NOVA\u2014Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2061-0299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA\u2014Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"AL4AnimalS\u2014Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9ssica","family":"Elias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA\u2014Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"AL4AnimalS\u2014Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5605-1419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Barreto-Crespo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iBET\u2014Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnol\u00f3gica, Av. 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