{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:00:53Z","timestamp":1792789253114,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Department of Qinghai Province","award":["2024-ZJ-784"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-ZJ-784"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03vz7b375","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["2024-ZJ-784"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-ZJ-784"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03vz7b375","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study employed an integrated multi-omics approach to investigate the regulatory effects and molecular mechanisms of a multi-component, high-dietary-fibre meal replacement powder containing Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd. pomace (PDMR) in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice. The results showed that PDMR significantly reduced body weight gain, Lee\u2019s index, serum lipid and inflammatory cytokine levels, and improved adipocyte morphology. Mechanistically, PDMR activated the AMPK signalling pathway, suppressed lipogenesis via the ACC-SREBP1c-FAS axis, and promoted fatty acid \u03b2-oxidation and thermogenesis through the PPAR\u03b1-CPT-1 and PGC-1\u03b1\/UCP-1 axes. Moreover, PDMR remodelled the gut microbiota by enriching bacteria associated with SCFA production and anti-inflammatory activity (Alloprevotella, Ruminococcaceae, Odoribacter and Prevotellaceae_Ga6A1_group) and inhibiting bacteria associated with pro-inflammatory and fat-accumulation effects (Candidatus Saccharimonas and Clostridia_UCG-014), whilst reversing the excessive accumulation of secondary bile acids. Correlation analysis established a multi-level regulatory network linking gut microbiota, secondary bile acid metabolites and AMPK target gene expression. Collectively, PDMR may ameliorate lipid metabolic disorders through a potential gut microbiota\u2013secondary bile acid\u2013AMPK axis, providing a scientific basis for the high-value utilisation of Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd. and the development of functional meal replacement foods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15193377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T08:14:39Z","timestamp":1790151279000},"page":"3377","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Multi-Component High-Fibre Meal Replacement Containing Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd. Pomace Alleviates Diet-Induced Obesity by Modulating the Gut Microbiota, Bile Acid Metabolism and Hepatic AMPK Signalling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9674-858X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fubao","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyi","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinyan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2025.118273","article-title":"Segment-Specific Amelioration of Gut Homeostasis by Vitamin B3 in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice: Roles in Barrier Integrity, Inflammatory Response, and Microbiota Composition","volume":"227","author":"Huang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Food Res. 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