{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:03:23Z","timestamp":1792789403091,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFF1000300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFF1000300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Youth Talent Special Project of Guangdong Academy of Sciences","award":["2025GDASQNRC-0216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025GDASQNRC-0216"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01g9hkj35","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["2025GDASQNRC-0216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025GDASQNRC-0216"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01g9hkj35","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"General Program, Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","award":["2024A1515010082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024A1515010082"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Clinical chemical drugs for hyperuricemia (HUA) often cause side effects including liver and kidney injury. Developing safe and effective probiotic preparations for HUA intervention is of considerable application value. However, the large-scale production of probiotics faces two major bottlenecks: low viable cell density during fermentation and poor survival after lyophilization. This study integrated in vivo efficacy evaluation and mechanism exploration with the production process optimization for Limosilactobacillus reuteri W6-12. We first verified its hypouricemic effect in vivo, then adopted response surface methodology to optimize fermentation medium components and composite cryoprotectant formulations, and further evaluated the efficacy of the obtained lyophilized probiotic powder using a rat model of HUA. In HUA rats, W6-12 treatment significantly decreased serum UA (SUA) levels, an effect attributed to hepatic xanthine oxidase inhibition and renal downregulation of GLUT9 and URAT1, alleviation of kidney oxidative stress and inflammation, and reshaping of gut microbial composition and associated metabolites, likely via the gut microbiota-bile acid axis. The optimized medium (sucrose 31 g\/L, yeast extract 26 g\/L, sodium acetate 7.5 g\/L) yielded 2.03 \u00d7 109 CFU\/mL, a 1.6-fold increase over the unoptimized condition. The optimal composite cryoprotectant consisted of 8% L-sodium glutamate, 10% trehalose, and 12% skim milk powder, achieving a lyophilization survival rate of 89.47%. Low, medium, and high doses of lyophilized W6-12 all exerted dose-dependent urate-lowering effects in HUA rats. In conclusion, the lyophilized powder of L. reuteri W6-12 is a promising probiotic preparation for UA management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15193451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T11:35:59Z","timestamp":1790595359000},"page":"3451","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From Efficacy to Process: Uric-Acid-Lowering Effect of Limosilactobacillus reuteri W6-12 and Its Production Process Optimization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Hao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150006, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Key Laboratory of Big Data Technologies for Food Microbiological Safety, State Administration for Market Regulation, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9834-7603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuwei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Key Laboratory of Big Data Technologies for Food Microbiological Safety, State Administration for Market Regulation, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Qihui","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Key Laboratory of Big Data Technologies for Food Microbiological Safety, State Administration for Market Regulation, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Key Laboratory of Big Data Technologies for Food Microbiological Safety, State Administration for Market Regulation, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Key Laboratory of Big Data Technologies for Food Microbiological Safety, State Administration for Market Regulation, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4012-6954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Key Laboratory of Big Data Technologies for Food Microbiological Safety, State Administration for Market Regulation, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Key Laboratory of Big Data Technologies for Food Microbiological Safety, State Administration for Market Regulation, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Youxiong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Key Laboratory of Big Data Technologies for Food Microbiological Safety, State Administration for Market Regulation, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Xianhu","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Key Laboratory of Big Data Technologies for Food Microbiological Safety, State Administration for Market Regulation, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Key Laboratory of Big Data Technologies for Food Microbiological Safety, State Administration for Market Regulation, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6503-359X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingping","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150006, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0115-y","article-title":"Gout","volume":"5","author":"Dalbeth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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