{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:03:39Z","timestamp":1792789419667,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011785","name":"Guangxi Department of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AB23026100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AB23026100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011785","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["AB23026100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AB23026100"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00dhpdx54","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guangxi Medical University","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03dveyr97","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03dveyr97","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: To characterize aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination, oil-quality variation, workshop hygiene, and modeled dietary risk associated with artisanal peanut oil produced by small-scale workshops in Nanning, China. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 144 workshops across all 12 county-level administrative areas of Nanning, with one peanut-oil sample collected from each workshop. On-site hygiene practices were assessed using a structured 13-item instrument. AFB1 concentration, acid value, and peroxide value were measured using national standard methods. Regional differences were evaluated using non-parametric tests, and K-means clustering was applied to characterize multivariate quality profiles. Dietary exposure was assessed using estimated daily intake (EDI), margin of exposure (MOE), and modeled AFB1-attributable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk. Results: AFB1 was detected in 88.2% of samples, while 3.5% exceeded the Chinese maximum level of 20 \u03bcg\/kg. Samples from counties had significantly higher AFB1 concentrations, acid values, and peroxide values than those from municipal districts (all p &lt; 0.001). Compliance was relatively high for basic hygiene and spatial separation, whereas routine contaminant testing was reported by only 18% of workshops and aflatoxin-degradation equipment was available in 35%. The primary clustering analysis identified overall-low (81.2%), AFB1-dominant (9.7%), and rancidity-dominant (9.0%) profiles, whereas sensitivity analysis after log10 transformation favored a broader two-cluster structure. Estimated AFB1 intake was higher under the rural than the urban scenario (2.6436 vs. 0.6890 ng\/kg bw\/day), with corresponding MOE values of 151.31 and 580.55. Modeled HCC risk was also higher under the rural scenario and under the hepatitis B surface antigen-positive scenario. Conclusions: Artisanal peanut oil from small-scale workshops in Nanning showed frequent AFB1 detection, marked regional variation in multiple quality indicators, and limited implementation of contaminant-specific control practices. These findings support closer attention to routine AFB1 monitoring, storage management, and broader quality control, particularly in county settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15193493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T15:14:37Z","timestamp":1790694877000},"page":"3493","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence of Aflatoxin B1 and Other Quality Indicators in Artisanal Peanut Oil from Small-Scale Workshops in Nanning, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Zihao","family":"Qi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"},{"name":"Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory 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