{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T10:57:51Z","timestamp":1790852271536,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"HNARS","award":["HNARS-06-G02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HNARS-06-G02"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005206","name":"Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences for Science and Technology Innovation Team of National Tropical Agricultural Science Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CATASCXTD202407"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CATASCXTD202407"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005206","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["CATASCXTD202407"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CATASCXTD202407"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/003qeh975","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund","award":["1630032025011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1630032025011"]}]},{"name":"Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund","award":["1630032025022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1630032025022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study evaluated dose-dependent effects of dietary N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) on muscle growth, nutrient composition, and metabolic profiles in Danzhou chickens. A total of 480 one-day-old female Danzhou chicks were randomly assigned to diets supplemented with 0, 400, 800, or 1200 mg\/kg NCG for 35 days and slaughtered at 35 days of age. NCG at 400\u2013800 mg\/kg improved growth performance, increased crude protein and free amino acids (arginine, methionine), and altered fatty acid composition in a muscle-specific manner, with increased breast-muscle MUFA and decreased leg-muscle arachidonic acid and DHA; total PUFA did not differ. Histological analysis showed that NCG increased leg-muscle fiber cross-sectional area and Feret diameter, accompanied by a reduction in fiber density. Mechanistically, NCG altered the mRNA expression of IRS2, IGF1, MyoG, AKT1, and FOXO1 in a manner consistent with modulation of the IGF-1\/IRS2\/PI3K\/Akt\/FoxO1 axis. Metabolomics suggested an association with purine metabolism; however, this finding is exploratory and does not establish causality. Integrated multi-omics revealed crosstalk between purine and lipid metabolism. Among the doses tested, 800 mg\/kg produced the largest response for several endpoints; however, no formal dose-optimization model was fitted, and the optimal dose remains to be determined. The 1200 mg\/kg dose did not further improve most endpoints, indicating a nonlinear dose response. This study provides the first multi-omics evidence demonstrates that NCG modulates muscle growth, nutrient composition, and metabolic profiles in indigenous chickens through coordinated regulation of anabolic signaling, purine metabolism, and lipid remodeling. Direct meat-quality measurements were not performed; therefore, effects on eating quality, technological quality, oxidative stability, and consumer preference remain to be established.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15193516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T09:38:16Z","timestamp":1790847496000},"page":"3516","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dietary N-Carbamylglutamate Modulates Muscle Growth, Nutrient Composition, and Metabolic Profiles in Danzhou Chickens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Dexin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Haoliang","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Xilong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3308-1903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fengjie","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Weiqi","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5722-9357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongzhi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103341","article-title":"Weighted Single-Step GWAS Identified Candidate Genes Associated with Carcass Traits in a Chinese Yellow-Feathered Chicken Population","volume":"103","author":"Pan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Poult. 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