{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:00:35Z","timestamp":1792789235771,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MINISTERO DELL\u2019ISTRUZIONE, DELL\u2019UNIVERSIT\u00c0 E DELLA RICERCA, PRIN: Progetti di Ricerca di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale, Bando 2017","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0166hxq48","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Plasma-Activated Water (PAW) is an emerging non-thermal technology with potential applications in fresh-cut vegetable preservation. The present study investigated the effect of PAW dipping on the glucosinolate-myrosinase system of rocket salad (Eruca sativa) and on selected cellular responses in human Caco-2 cells. Leaves were dipped in PAW for 20 min (PAW-20) or in untreated water (UT). Glucosinolates (GLSs) and their corresponding isothiocyanates (ITCs) were determined by UHPLC-ESI-MS\/MS and GC-MS, while myrosinase activity was assessed in crude enzyme extracts. Caco-2 cells were exposed to extracts derived from PAW-20 or UT rocket leaf samples. Instrumental analyses revealed higher levels of the precursor GLSs, glucoerucin and glucoraphanin, in the PAW-20 sample compared with the UT one, whereas the corresponding ITCs, erucin and sulforaphane, were present at lower levels despite no detectable differences in myrosinase activity. In Caco-2 cells, PAW-20-derived leaf extracts induced the upregulation of the mRNA levels of specific UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), while no significant modulation of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) or the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mRNA levels was observed. Moreover, only minor changes were detected in inflammation-related target genes. Overall, under the experimental conditions tested, PAW treatment was associated with changes in the glucosinolate-isothiocyanate balance in rocket leaf extracts and with selective modulation of phase II detoxification gene expression in Caco-2 cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15193565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T11:26:53Z","timestamp":1791458813000},"page":"3565","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Plasma-Activated Water Dipping of Fresh-Cut Eruca sativa: An Extended Investigation of the Glucosinolate-Myrosinase System and Cellular Responses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8868-3683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica","family":"Lolli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27\/A, 43124 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salihu","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Calani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27\/A, 43124 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0711-859X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Tappi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum\u2014University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1255-3185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Rocculi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum\u2014University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5442-0308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Rinaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27\/A, 43124 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1009-2917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ileana","family":"Ramazzina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yildiz, F., and Wiley, R. 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