{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:10:25Z","timestamp":1760238625577,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]],"date-time":"2020-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"United States Department of Agriculture\/National Institute of Food and Agriculture.","award":["2015-38821-24343"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015-38821-24343"]}]},{"name":"United States Department of Agriculture\/National Institute of Food and Agriculture","award":["Grant No. Accession No: 1014615; Project: TENX-1813-FS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No. Accession No: 1014615; Project: TENX-1813-FS"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in retail edible offal and muscle meats in Nashville, Tennessee. A total of 348 retail meats (160 edible offal and 188 muscle) were analyzed for Salmonella enterica serovar, Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, E. coli O157:H7, and enterococci. Bacteria was identified using biochemical and PCR methods. Salmonella enterica serovar (4.4% and 4.3%), Campylobacter (1.9% and 1.1%), E. coli (79.4% and 89.4%), and enterococci (88.1% and 95.7%) was detected in offal and muscle meats, respectively. Chicken liver (9.7%) was most frequently contaminated with Salmonella enterica serovar, followed by ground chicken (6.9%) and chicken wings (4.2%). No Salmonella enterica serovar was detected in beef liver, beef tripe, and ground beef. The prevalence of Campylobacter was 6.9%, 2.3%, and 1.4% in beef liver, ground beef, and ground chicken, respectively. None of the meats were positive for E. coli O157:H7. Resistance of isolates was significantly (p &lt; 0.05) highest in erythromycin (98.3%; 99.1%), followed by tetracycline (94%; 98.3%), vancomycin (88.8%; 92.2%) as compared to chloramphenicol (43.1%; 53.9%), amoxicillin\/clavulanic (43.5%; 45.7%), and ciprofloxacin (45.7%; 55.7%) in offal and muscle meats, respectively. Imipenem showed the lowest resistance (0%; 0.9%). A total of 41 multidrug-resistant patterns were displayed. Edible offal could be a source of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9091190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]],"date-time":"2020-08-28T09:17:08Z","timestamp":1598606228000},"page":"1190","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Foodborne Pathogens and Indicator Bacteria from Edible Offal and Muscle Meats in Nashville, Tennessee"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Siqin","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A. Merritt Boulevard, Nashville, TN 37209, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agnes","family":"Kilonzo-Nthenge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Sciences, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A. Merritt Boulevard, Nashville, TN 37209, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel N.","family":"Nahashon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A. Merritt Boulevard, Nashville, TN 37209, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5900-9972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bharat","family":"Pokharel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A. Merritt Boulevard, Nashville, TN 37209, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdullah Ibn","family":"Mafiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A. Merritt Boulevard, Nashville, TN 37209, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maureen","family":"Nzomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A. Merritt Boulevard, Nashville, TN 37209, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alao, B.O., Falowo, A.B., Chulayo, A., and Muchenje, V. (2017). The potential of animal by-products in food systems: Production, prospects, and challenges. 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