{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T02:53:18Z","timestamp":1769827998573,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]],"date-time":"2020-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Several commonly used extraction procedures and commercial kits were compared for extraction of DNA from opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) seeds, ground seeds, pollen grains, poppy seed filling from a bakery product, and poppy oil. The newly developed extraction protocol was much simpler, reduced the cost and time required for DNA extraction from the native and ground seeds, and pollen grains. The quality of extracted DNA by newly developed protocol was better or comparable to the most efficient ones. After being extended by a simple purification step on a silica membrane column, the newly developed protocol was also very effective in extracting of poppy DNA from poppy seed filling. DNA extracted from this poppy matrix was amplifiable by PCR analysis. DNA extracted from cold-pressed poppy oil and suitable for amplifications was obtained only by methods developed previously for olive oil. Extracted poppy DNA from all tested matrices was analysed by PCR using primers flanking a microsatellite locus (156 bp) and two different fragments of the reference tubulin gene (553 bp and 96 bp). The long fragment of the reference gene was amplified in DNA extracted from native seeds, ground seeds, and pollen grains. Poppy DNA extracted from the filling of bakery product was confirmed only by amplification of short fragments (96 bp and 156 bp). DNA extracted from cold-pressed poppy oil was determined also only by amplification of these two short fragments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9101429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]],"date-time":"2020-10-15T21:42:21Z","timestamp":1602798141000},"page":"1429","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Procedures for DNA Extraction from Opium Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) and Poppy Seed-Containing Products"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3169-280X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0160arlota","family":"Ka\u0148ukov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of SS. Cyril and Methodius, N\u00e1mestie J. Herdu 2, SK-917 01 Trnava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6561-6066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michaela","family":"Mrkvov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of SS. Cyril and Methodius, N\u00e1mestie J. Herdu 2, SK-917 01 Trnava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3719-8634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Mih\u00e1lik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of SS. Cyril and Methodius, N\u00e1mestie J. Herdu 2, SK-917 01 Trnava, Slovakia"},{"name":"Research Institute of Plant Production, National Agricultural and Food Center, Bratislavsk\u00e1 cesta 122, SK-921 68 Pie\u0161\u0165any, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00e1n","family":"Kraic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of SS. Cyril and Methodius, N\u00e1mestie J. Herdu 2, SK-917 01 Trnava, Slovakia"},{"name":"Research Institute of Plant Production, National Agricultural and Food Center, Bratislavsk\u00e1 cesta 122, SK-921 68 Pie\u0161\u0165any, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9306564","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9306564","article-title":"Current nucleic acid extraction methods and their implications to point-of-care diagnostics","volume":"2017","author":"Ali","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1021\/bp060182m","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of different DNA extraction procedures from food samples","volume":"23","author":"Galderisi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Prog."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"329","article-title":"Real-time PCR evaluation of seven DNA extraction methods for the purpose of GMO analysis","volume":"16","author":"Jasbeer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. Food Res. J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2014.09.101","article-title":"A novel reliable method of DNA extraction from olive oil suitable for molecular traceability","volume":"172","author":"Raieta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodpol.2014.06.005","article-title":"Developing systems to control food adulteration","volume":"49","author":"Manning","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Policy"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3854","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.8b07016","article-title":"Review of recent DNA-based methods for main food authentication topics","volume":"67","author":"Ortea","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6962","DOI":"10.1021\/jf040008i","article-title":"Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the genomic DNA extracted from GMO and non-GMO foodstuffs with four different extraction methods","volume":"52","author":"Peano","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9848","DOI":"10.1021\/jf051201v","article-title":"Comparison of several methods for the extraction of DNA from potatoes and potato-derived products","volume":"53","author":"Smith","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-009-3343-2","article-title":"Effect of food processing on plant DNA degradation and PCR-based GMO analysis: A review","volume":"396","author":"Gryson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1107-1213c","article-title":"GMO quantification in processed food and feed","volume":"25","author":"Weighardt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-009-3150-9","article-title":"Influence of DNA extraction methods, PCR inhibitors and quantification methods on real-time PCR assay of biotechnology-derived traits","volume":"396","author":"Demeke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-008-0827-9","article-title":"Detection of olive oil using the Evagreen real-time PCR method","volume":"227","author":"Wu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. Food. Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2014.02.142","article-title":"Development of a method to recovery and amplification DNA by real-time PCR from commercial vegetable oils","volume":"158","author":"Busto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piarulli, L., Savoia, M., Taranto, F., D\u2019Agostino, N., Sardaro, R., D\u2019Agostino, N., Gadaleta, S., Fucilli, V., De Giovanni, C., and Montemurro, C. (2019). A Robust DNA Isolation Protocol from Filtered Commercial Olive Oil for PCR-Based Fingerprinting. Foods, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods8100462"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-9276-9_17","article-title":"Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum)","volume":"Volume 2","author":"Yaniv","year":"2014","journal-title":"Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of the Middle-East. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of the World"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"8","article-title":"Sensory evaluation of poppy oil blended with sunflower seed oil","volume":"32","author":"Bail","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nahrung"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6385","DOI":"10.1021\/jf060500x","article-title":"Detection of adulteration of poppy seed oil with sunflower oil based on volatiles and triacylglycerol composition","volume":"84","author":"Krist","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s11032-014-0036-0","article-title":"Development of genomic simple sequence repeat markers in opium poppy by next-generation sequencing","volume":"34","author":"Celik","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Breed."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"587","article-title":"Forensic application of EST-derived STR markers in opium poppy","volume":"7","author":"Kraic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biologia"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Va\u0161ek, J., \u010c\u00edlov\u00e1, D., Melounov\u00e1, M., Svoboda, P., Vejl, P., \u0160tikarov\u00e1, R., Vostr\u00fd, L., Kuchtov\u00e1, P., and Ovesn\u00e1, J. (2020). New EST-SSR markers for individual genotyping of opium poppy cultivars (Papaver somniferum L.). Plants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants9010010"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02823997","article-title":"Isolation of genomic DNA from defatted oil seed residue of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum)","volume":"18","author":"Sangwan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Plant. Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-20996-9","article-title":"Development of a method to extract opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) DNA from heroin","volume":"8","author":"Marciano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2019.12.002","article-title":"Evaluation of 19 short tandem repeat markers for individualization of Papaver somniferum","volume":"60","author":"Young","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Justice"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02712670","article-title":"A plant DNA mini preparation: Version II","volume":"1","author":"Dellaporta","year":"1983","journal-title":"Plant Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Community Reference Laboratory for GM Food and Feed (2020, July 24). Seeds Sampling and DNA Extraction of Oilseed Rape. Report on the Validation of an Oilseed Rape DNA Extraction Method from Seeds: Bayer BioScience N.V. Available online: http:\/\/gmo-crl.jrc.ec.europa.eu\/summaries\/T45_DNAExtr_sampl_correctedversion1.pdf."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Community Reference Laboratory for GM Food and Feed (2020, July 24). Seeds Sampling and DNA Extraction of Oilseed Rape. Report on the Validation of an Oilseed Rape DNA Extraction Method from Seeds: Monsanto Company. Available online: http:\/\/gmo-crl.jrc.ec.europa.eu\/summaries\/CRL-VL-26-04-XP-Corrected-version-1.pdf."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4321","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/8.19.4321","article-title":"Rapid isolation of high molecular weight plant DNA","volume":"8","author":"Murray","year":"1980","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-2697(03)00403-2","article-title":"DNA purification on homemade silica spin-columns","volume":"321","author":"Borodina","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anal Biochem."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9221","DOI":"10.1021\/jf061564a","article-title":"Non-concordance between genetic profiles of olive oil and fruit: A cautionary note to use of DNA markers for provenance testing","volume":"54","author":"Doveri","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-008-0863-5","article-title":"A procedure for olive oil traceability and authenticity: DNA extraction, multiplex PCR and LDR-universal array analysis","volume":"277","author":"Consolandi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. Food Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2009.05.012","article-title":"Application of real-time PCR on the development of molecular markers and to evaluate critical aspects for olive oil authentication","volume":"118","author":"Atienza","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1111\/pbr.12059","article-title":"Development of EST-SSR markers for diversity and breeding studies in opium poppy","volume":"132","author":"Allmer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plant Breed."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D36","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1195","article-title":"GenBank","volume":"41","author":"Benson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415a","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02772129","article-title":"DNA isolation from dry and fresh samples of polysaccharide-rich plants","volume":"20","author":"Sharma","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plant Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"6956","article-title":"A quick DNA extraction protocol: Without liquid nitrogen in ambient temperature","volume":"11","author":"Ferdous","year":"2012","journal-title":"Afr. J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13007-016-0152-4","article-title":"Comparison of three genomic DNA extraction methods to obtain high DNA quality from maize","volume":"13","author":"Osman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plants Methods"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2468","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0211130","article-title":"Evaluation of Extraction Methodologies for Corn Kernel (Zea mays) DNA for Detection of Trace Amounts of Biotechnology-Derived DNA","volume":"51","author":"Olden","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food. Chem."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cankar, K., \u0160tebih, D., Dreo, T., \u017del, J., and Gruden, K. (2006). Critical points of DNA quantification by real-time PCR \u2014Effects of DNA extraction method and sample matrix on quantification of genetically modified organisms. BMC Biotechnol., 6.","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6750-6-37"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"BSR20182271","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20182271","article-title":"A modified SDS-based DNA extraction method from raw soybean","volume":"39","author":"Xia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2008.01.004","article-title":"Comparative study of DNA extraction methods for soybean derived food products","volume":"19","author":"Mafra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Control."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1071\/FP03126","article-title":"Genetic transformation in commercial Tasmanian cultivars of opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, and movement of transgenic pollen in the field","volume":"30","author":"Chitti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Funct. Plant. Biol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-019-03327-8","article-title":"A multiplex real\/time PCR method applied to detect eight pollen species in food for the prevention of allergens","volume":"245","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Food Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2015.12.010","article-title":"Review and future prospects for DNA barcoding methods in forensic palynology","volume":"21","author":"Bell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int. Genet."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"439","article-title":"Threshold level and traceability of Roundup Ready\u00ae soybeans in tofu production","volume":"44","author":"Ignjatov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Technol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2012.05384.x","article-title":"PCR inhibitors\u2014Occurrence, properties and removal","volume":"113","author":"Schrader","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1093\/jaoac\/88.1.136","article-title":"Polymerase chain reaction technology as analytical tool in agricultural biotechnology","volume":"88","author":"Lipp","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. AOAC Int."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-001-0482-x","article-title":"Recovery and characterisation of DNA from virgin olive oil","volume":"214","author":"Muzzalupo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. Food Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2010.05.027","article-title":"Storage-time effects on olive oil DNA assessed by Amplified Fragments Length Polymorphisms","volume":"123","author":"Pafundo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piskata, Z., Servusova, E., Babak, V., Nesvadbova, B., and Borilova, G. (2019). The quality of DNA isolated from processed food and feed via different extraction procedures. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24061188"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0636061","article-title":"Use of quantitative real-time PCR to estimate maize endogenous DNA degradation after cooking and extrusion or in food products","volume":"55","author":"Murray","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1021\/jf048327x","article-title":"Applicability of the quantification of genetically modified organisms to foods processed from maize and soy","volume":"53","author":"Yoshimura","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.200600195","article-title":"Plant genomic DNA isolation: An art or a science","volume":"2","author":"Varma","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biotechnol. J."}],"container-title":["Foods"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/9\/10\/1429\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:17:53Z","timestamp":1760177873000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/9\/10\/1429"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["foods9101429"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods9101429","relation":{},"ISSN":["2304-8158"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2304-8158","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]]}}}