{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T20:39:36Z","timestamp":1783802376605,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]],"date-time":"2020-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005156","name":"Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Ref 3.4-CMR-1164093-GF-P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ref 3.4-CMR-1164093-GF-P"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005156","name":"Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Ref 3.3-TUR\/1033086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ref 3.3-TUR\/1033086"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The \u03b1-amylase\/trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) are discussed as being responsible for non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS), besides being known as allergenic components for baker\u2019s asthma. Different approaches for characterization and quantification including proteomics-based methods for wheat ATIs have been documented. In these studies generally the major ATIs have been addressed. The challenge of current study was then to develop a more comprehensive workflow encompassing all reviewed wheat-ATI entries in UniProt database. To substantially test proof of concept, 46 German and Turkish wheat samples were used. Two extractions systems based on chloroform\/methanol mixture (CM) and under buffered denaturing conditions were evaluated. Three aspects were optimized, tryptic digestion, chromatographic separation, and targeted tandem mass spectrometric analysis (HPLC-MS\/MS). Preliminary characterization with sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) documented the purity of the extracted ATIs with CM mixture and the amylase (60\u201380%)\/trypsin (10\u201320%) inhibition demonstrated the bifunctional activity of ATIs. Thirteen (individual\/common) biomarkers were established. Major ATIs (7\u201334%) were differently represented in samples. Finally, to our knowledge, the proposed HPLC-MS\/MS method allowed for the first time so far the analysis of all 14 reviewed wheat ATI entries reported.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9101448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]],"date-time":"2020-10-15T21:42:21Z","timestamp":1602798141000},"page":"1448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Comprehensive Characterization and Relative Quantification of \u03b1-Amylase\/Trypsin Inhibitors from Wheat Cultivars by Targeted HPLC-MS\/MS"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4337-2037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sorel Tchewonpi","family":"Sagu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Potsdam, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn","family":"Zimmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Potsdam, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Landgr\u00e4ber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Potsdam, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Homann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Potsdam, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerd","family":"Huschek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IGV-Institut f\u00fcr Getreideverarbeitung GmbH, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 40\/41, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haydar","family":"\u00d6zpinar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastronomy, Faculty of Applied Science, University of Alt\u0131nba\u015f, B\u00fcy\u00fckdere Cad. No 147, 34394 Esentepe-\u0130stanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian J.","family":"Schweigert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Potsdam, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2768-1531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harshadrai M.","family":"Rawel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Potsdam, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01301336","article-title":"Die Chemie der Proteine K\u00f6rper des Weizenkorns. Teil II. 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B"}],"container-title":["Foods"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/9\/10\/1448\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:20:09Z","timestamp":1760178009000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/9\/10\/1448"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["foods9101448"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods9101448","relation":{},"ISSN":["2304-8158"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2304-8158","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]]}}}