{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T02:16:24Z","timestamp":1769739384125,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,11]],"date-time":"2020-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"\u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania","award":["1EXP\/1233\/30.01.2020 LUPSKINPATH"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1EXP\/1233\/30.01.2020 LUPSKINPATH"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Research and Innovation (MCI) through Program 1 - Development of the national research and development system, Subprogram 1.2 - Institutional performance, Institutional development projects - Projects to fund excellence in RDI","award":["35PFE\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["35PFE\/2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Increased sugar consumption and unhealthy dietary patterns are key drivers of many preventable diseases that result in disability and death worldwide. However, health awareness has increased over the past decades creating a massive on-going demand for new low\/non-caloric natural sweeteners that have a high potential and are safer for consumption than artificial ones. The current study aims to investigate the nutritional properties, in vitro toxicological profile, total\/individual polyphenols content, and the antioxidant, anti-cariogenic, and antimicrobial activity of two newly obtained vegan and sugar-free chocolate (VHC1 and VHC2). The energy values for the two finished products were very similar, 408.04 kcal\/100 g for VHC1 and 404.68 kcal\/100 g for VHC2. Both products, VHC1 and VHC2 present strong antioxidant activities, whereas antimicrobial results show an increased activity for VHC1 compared to VHC2, because of a higher phenolic content. In vitro toxicological evaluation revealed that both samples present a safe toxicological profile, while VHC2 increased cellular turnover of dermal cell lines, highlighting its potential use in skin treatments. The current work underlines the potential use of these vegetal mixtures as sugar-free substitutes for conventional products, as nutraceuticals, as well as topic application in skin care due to antimicrobial and antioxidant effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9121844","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]],"date-time":"2020-12-14T00:45:36Z","timestamp":1607906736000},"page":"1844","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Nutritional, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Toxicological Profile of Two Innovative Types of Vegan, Sugar-Free Chocolate"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5320-6470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Delia","family":"Dumbrava","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Food Engineering, Banat\u2019s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine \u201cKing Michael I of Romania\u201d from Timi\u015foara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300641 Timi\u015foara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liviana Alexandra","family":"Popescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine, \u201cVictor Babe\u015f\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timi\u015foara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Codru\u021ba Marinela","family":"Soica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cVictor Babe\u015f\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timi\u015foara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alma","family":"Nicolin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture, Banat\u2019s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine \u201cKing Michael I of Romania\u201d from Timi\u0219oara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300641 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7621-402X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ileana","family":"Cocan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Food Engineering, Banat\u2019s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine \u201cKing Michael I of Romania\u201d from Timi\u015foara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300641 Timi\u015foara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Negrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Food Engineering, Banat\u2019s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine \u201cKing Michael I of Romania\u201d from Timi\u015foara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300641 Timi\u015foara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4641-7365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ersilia","family":"Alexa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Food Engineering, Banat\u2019s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine \u201cKing Michael I of Romania\u201d from Timi\u015foara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300641 Timi\u015foara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1481-6954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Obistioiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Banat\u2019s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine \u201cKing Michael I of Romania\u201d from Timi\u0219oara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300641 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isidora","family":"Radulov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture, Banat\u2019s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine \u201cKing Michael I of Romania\u201d from Timi\u0219oara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300641 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Popescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Food Engineering, Banat\u2019s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine \u201cKing Michael I of Romania\u201d from Timi\u015foara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300641 Timi\u015foara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2498-4732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Watz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cVictor Babe\u015f\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. 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